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Eco-Sensitive Zone Around Kali Tiger Reserve | Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot | UPSC Environment

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📘 ENGLISH CONTENT

The Union Environment Ministry has proposed an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) of 663.32 sq km around the Kali Tiger Reserve to protect its fragile ecosystem.

Location

  • Situated in Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
  • Located in the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot

Composition

Kali Tiger Reserve comprises:

  • Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Anshi National Park

These are contiguous protected areas, forming a single ecological landscape.

Boundaries & Connectivity

  • North: Connected to Bhimghad Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Further links to Radhanagari & Koyna Sanctuaries (Maharashtra)
  • West: Borders multiple protected areas in Goa

👉 Important for wildlife corridors and gene flow

Geographical Features

  • Terrain includes:
  • Rolling hills
  • Steep escarpments
  • River valleys
  • Plateaus

River System

  • The Kali River flows through the reserve
  • Major water source for Uttara Kannada region

Vegetation

  • Semi-evergreen forests
  • Moist deciduous forests
  • Bamboo patches and grasslands

Flora

  • Teak
  • Silver oak
  • Eucalyptus
  • Medicinal plants

Fauna

  • Tiger
  • Leopard
  • Elephant
  • Gaur (Bison)
  • Wild dog
  • Sloth bear
  • Spotted deer

👉 Special highlights:

  • High population of Great Indian Hornbill
  • Presence of Black Panther (melanistic leopard)

Significance

  • Part of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
  • Critical for tiger conservation and wildlife corridors
  • ESZ helps regulate human activities around protected areas
  • Maintains ecological balance and biodiversity

📘 MCQs (ENGLISH)

Q1. Kali Tiger Reserve is located in:

A. Kerala

B. Tamil Nadu

C. Karnataka

D. Goa

Answer: C

Q2. It is part of:

A. Himalayas

B. Western Ghats

C. Eastern Ghats

D. Aravalli

Answer: B

Q3. It comprises:

A. Two sanctuaries

B. Dandeli & Anshi

C. National parks only

D. One forest

Answer: B

Q4. River flowing through it:

A. Ganga

B. Krishna

C. Kali

D. Godavari

Answer: C

Q5. ESZ stands for:

A. Eco Safe Zone

B. Eco Sensitive Zone

C. Environmental Safe Zone

D. Ecology Sector Zone

Answer: B

Q6. It is famous for:

A. Polar bears

B. Hornbills

C. Penguins

D. Camels

Answer: B

Q7. Black panther is:

A. Tiger

B. Lion

C. Leopard

D. Bear

Answer: C

Q8. Vegetation type:

A. Desert

B. Evergreen

C. Semi-evergreen

D. Tundra

Answer: C

Q9. It is connected to:

A. Rajasthan forests

B. Goa forests

C. Punjab

D. Assam

Answer: B

Q10. ESZ helps in:

A. Mining

B. Protection

C. Construction

D. Pollution

Answer: B

📘 हिंदी कंटेंट

काली टाइगर रिजर्व | UPSC Environment

Kali Tiger Reserve के आसपास ESZ प्रस्तावित किया गया है।

स्थान

  • कर्नाटक
  • पश्चिमी घाट

संरचना

  • डांडेेली अभयारण्य
  • अंशी राष्ट्रीय उद्यान

सीमाएँ

  • गोवा और महाराष्ट्र से जुड़ा

भूगोल

  • पहाड़
  • घाटियाँ
  • पठार

नदी

  • काली नदी

वनस्पति

  • अर्ध-सदाबहार
  • नम पतझड़ी

जीव-जंतु

  • बाघ
  • हाथी
  • तेंदुआ
  • भालू

विशेष

  • हॉर्नबिल
  • ब्लैक पैंथर

महत्व

  • जैव विविधता
  • संरक्षण

📘 MCQs (हिंदी)

Q1. यह कहाँ है?

A. केरल

B. तमिलनाडु

C. कर्नाटक

D. गोवा

उत्तर: C

Q2. यह किसका हिस्सा है?

A. हिमालय

B. पश्चिमी घाट

C. पूर्वी घाट

D. अरावली

उत्तर: B

Q3. इसमें क्या शामिल है?

A. दो अभयारण्य

B. डांडेेली-अंशी

C. राष्ट्रीय पार्क

D. एक

उत्तर: B

Q4. कौन सी नदी बहती है?

A. गंगा

B. कृष्णा

C. काली

D. गोदावरी

उत्तर: C

Q5. ESZ क्या है?

A. सुरक्षित

B. संवेदनशील

C. पर्यावरण

D. क्षेत्र

उत्तर: B

Q6. यह किसके लिए प्रसिद्ध है?

A. भालू

B. हॉर्नबिल

C. पेंगुइन

D. ऊँट

उत्तर: B

Q7. ब्लैक पैंथर क्या है?

A. बाघ

B. शेर

C. तेंदुआ

D. भालू

उत्तर: C

Q8. वनस्पति कैसी है?

A. रेगिस्तान

B. सदाबहार

C. अर्ध-सदाबहार

D. टुंड्रा

उत्तर: C

Q9. यह कहाँ जुड़ा है?

A. राजस्थान

B. गोवा

C. पंजाब

D. असम

उत्तर: B

Q10. ESZ का काम?

A. खनन

B. संरक्षण

C. निर्माण

D. प्रदूषण

उत्तर: B

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