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Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Parkash Purab | Sikh History & Religious Freedom | UPSC History & Culture

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📘 ENGLISH CONTENT

Recently, the Prime Minister of India paid tribute to Guru Tegh Bahadur on the sacred occasion of his Parkash Purab.

Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675) was the ninth of the ten Sikh Gurus and a towering spiritual figure in Indian history. He was born as Tyaga Mal.

He was later given the name “Tegh Bahadur” (meaning “Mighty of the Sword”) by Guru Hargobind after displaying exceptional bravery in battle against the Mughals.

In 1664, he succeeded Guru Har Krishan as the ninth Guru of Sikhism.

Guru Tegh Bahadur is widely respected with the title “Hind Di Chadar” for his supreme sacrifice to protect religious freedom.

He emphasized the concept of “saint-soldier” and stood firmly against religious persecution during the Mughal period.

Life and Contributions

Guru Tegh Bahadur founded the city of Anandpur Sahib, which later became a major center of Sikhism.

This city holds great historical importance as it was also associated with Guru Gobind Singh, who established the Khalsa Panth in 1699.

Guru Tegh Bahadur contributed over 100 hymns to the Guru Granth Sahib, focusing on spirituality, detachment, human dignity, and devotion.

Martyrdom

He was executed in 1675 by the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb for opposing forced religious conversions and defending the rights of Kashmiri Pandits.

His martyrdom is commemorated annually as Shaheedi Divas on 24 November.

His life stands as a symbol of courage, sacrifice, and the protection of human rights and religious freedom.

📘 MCQs (ENGLISH)

Q1. Guru Tegh Bahadur was the:

A. 7th Guru

B. 8th Guru

C. 9th Guru

D. 10th Guru

Answer: C

Q2. His birth name was:

A. Gobind Rai

B. Tyaga Mal

C. Nanak Dev

D. Hargobind

Answer: B

Q3. He was given the name Tegh Bahadur by:

A. Guru Nanak

B. Guru Hargobind

C. Guru Gobind Singh

D. Guru Arjan

Answer: B

Q4. He succeeded:

A. Guru Arjan

B. Guru Har Krishan

C. Guru Ram Das

D. Guru Gobind Singh

Answer: B

Q5. Title ‘Hind Di Chadar’ refers to:

A. Wealth

B. Protection of religion

C. Power

D. Army

Answer: B

Q6. He founded:

A. Amritsar

B. Anandpur Sahib

C. Lahore

D. Delhi

Answer: B

Q7. Khalsa was founded by:

A. Guru Tegh Bahadur

B. Guru Gobind Singh

C. Guru Nanak

D. Guru Arjan

Answer: B

Q8. He contributed to:

A. Vedas

B. Quran

C. Guru Granth Sahib

D. Bible

Answer: C

Q9. He was executed by:

A. Akbar

B. Shah Jahan

C. Aurangzeb

D. Babur

Answer: C

Q10. Shaheedi Divas is observed on:

A. 15 Aug

B. 26 Jan

C. 24 Nov

D. 2 Oct

Answer: C

📘 हिंदी कंटेंट

हाल ही में भारत के प्रधानमंत्री ने Guru Tegh Bahadur जी के प्रकाश पर्व पर उन्हें श्रद्धांजलि दी।

गुरु तेग बहादुर (1621–1675) सिख धर्म के नौवें गुरु थे। उनका जन्म नाम त्याग मल था।

उन्हें Guru Hargobind द्वारा युद्ध में वीरता दिखाने पर “तेग बहादुर” नाम दिया गया।

1664 में उन्होंने Guru Har Krishan के बाद नौवें गुरु के रूप में पद संभाला।

उन्हें “हिंद दी चादर” की उपाधि दी गई क्योंकि उन्होंने धर्म की रक्षा के लिए अपना बलिदान दिया।

जीवन और योगदान

उन्होंने Anandpur Sahib शहर की स्थापना की।

यह स्थान बाद में Guru Gobind Singh से जुड़ा, जहाँ खालसा पंथ की स्थापना हुई।

उन्होंने Guru Granth Sahib में 100 से अधिक भजन लिखे।

बलिदान

1675 में उन्हें Aurangzeb द्वारा मार दिया गया क्योंकि उन्होंने जबरन धर्म परिवर्तन का विरोध किया।

उनकी शहादत को हर साल 24 नवंबर को शहीदी दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है।

📘 MCQs (हिंदी)

Q1. गुरु तेग बहादुर कौन थे?

A. 7वें

B. 8वें

C. 9वें

D. 10वें

उत्तर: C

Q2. उनका जन्म नाम क्या था?

A. गोविंद

B. त्याग मल

C. नानक

D. हरगोबिंद

उत्तर: B

Q3. नाम किसने दिया?

A. नानक

B. हरगोबिंद

C. गोविंद सिंह

D. अर्जन

उत्तर: B

Q4. उन्होंने किसके बाद पद संभाला?

A. अर्जन

B. हर कृष्ण

C. रामदास

D. गोविंद सिंह

उत्तर: B

Q5. ‘हिंद दी चादर’ का मतलब?

A. धन

B. धर्म रक्षा

C. शक्ति

D. सेना

उत्तर: B

Q6. उन्होंने कौन सा शहर बसाया?

A. अमृतसर

B. आनंदपुर साहिब

C. लाहौर

D. दिल्ली

उत्तर: B

Q7. खालसा किसने बनाया?

A. तेग बहादुर

B. गोविंद सिंह

C. नानक

D. अर्जन

उत्तर: B

Q8. उन्होंने कहाँ योगदान दिया?

A. वेद

B. कुरान

C. गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब

D. बाइबिल

उत्तर: C

Q9. उन्हें किसने मारा?

A. अकबर

B. शाहजहां

C. औरंगजेब

D. बाबर

उत्तर: C

Q10. शहीदी दिवस कब मनाया जाता है?

A. 15 अगस्त

B. 26 जनवरी

C. 24 नवंबर

D. 2 अक्टूबर

उत्तर: C

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