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Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica) & Saffron Crop Damage | Human-Wildlife Conflict | UPSC Environment

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📘 ENGLISH CONTENT

Recently, the Indian Crested Porcupine has been observed feeding on saffron corms beneath the soil in Kashmir, causing significant damage to crops even before they bloom.

The Indian Crested Porcupine is a large rodent belonging to the Old World porcupine family, Hystricidae.

Habitat & Distribution

This species is highly adaptable and is commonly found in rocky hillsides, tropical and temperate scrublands, grasslands, and forests.

It is also widely distributed across the Himalayan region, reaching elevations of up to 2400 meters.

Geographically, it is found across South Asia, Central Asia, and parts of the Middle East, including countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Key Features

The porcupine has a lifespan of around 18 to 20 years.

Its most distinctive feature is the presence of sharp quills on its back, which serve as a defense mechanism against predators.

Contrary to popular belief, porcupines cannot throw their quills. Instead, they use a backward thrusting motion to embed quills into attackers.

They possess strong claws and broad feet, which are useful for digging burrows and foraging underground.

The species is nocturnal and typically shelters in caves, rocky crevices, or burrows during the day.

Diet & Behaviour

The Indian Crested Porcupine is primarily herbivorous, feeding on roots, fruits, grains, and other plant materials.

However, its habit of digging underground for food has led to crop damage, such as the recent case of saffron fields in Kashmir.

Conservation Status & Issues

According to the IUCN Red List, the species is classified as Least Concern.

Despite this, increasing incidents of human-wildlife conflict are being reported due to habitat overlap and agricultural expansion.

The saffron crop damage highlights the need for better wildlife management and mitigation strategies.

📘 MCQs (ENGLISH)

Q1. Indian Crested Porcupine belongs to:

A. Mammal

B. Reptile

C. Bird

D. Amphibian

Answer: A

Q2. Scientific name:

A. Hystrix indica

B. Rattus rattus

C. Mus musculus

D. Sciurus vulgaris

Answer: A

Q3. It is mainly:

A. Carnivore

B. Herbivore

C. Omnivore

D. Parasite

Answer: B

Q4. Porcupine quills are used for:

A. Hunting

B. Defense

C. Digging

D. Flying

Answer: B

Q5. Porcupines can:

A. Throw quills

B. Shoot quills

C. Attack backward

D. Use poison

Answer: C

Q6. It is active during:

A. Day

B. Night

C. Morning

D. Evening

Answer: B

Q7. Habitat includes:

A. Oceans

B. Desert only

C. Rocky hills and forests

D. Ice regions

Answer: C

Q8. Found in:

A. Europe only

B. India and Asia

C. Africa only

D. America only

Answer: B

Q9. IUCN status:

A. Endangered

B. Vulnerable

C. Least Concern

D. Critically Endangered

Answer: C

Q10. Major issue in news:

A. Hunting

B. Crop damage

C. Migration

D. Disease

Answer: B

📘 हिंदी कंटेंट

हाल ही में Indian Crested Porcupine को कश्मीर में केसर की फसल को नुकसान पहुँचाते हुए देखा गया।

यह एक बड़ा कृंतक (rodent) है जो Hystricidae परिवार से संबंधित है।

आवास और वितरण

यह चट्टानी क्षेत्रों, झाड़ीदार भूमि, घासभूमि और जंगलों में पाया जाता है।

यह हिमालय में 2400 मीटर तक की ऊँचाई पर भी पाया जाता है।

यह भारत, नेपाल, भूटान, पाकिस्तान, श्रीलंका आदि देशों में पाया जाता है।

मुख्य विशेषताएँ

इसकी आयु 18-20 वर्ष होती है।

इसके शरीर पर कांटे (quills) होते हैं जो रक्षा के लिए उपयोग होते हैं।

यह अपने कांटे फेंक नहीं सकता, बल्कि पीछे की ओर हमला करता है।

इसके मजबूत पंजे खोदने में सहायक होते हैं।

यह रात में सक्रिय रहता है।

आहार

यह मुख्यतः शाकाहारी है और जड़, फल, अनाज आदि खाता है।

यह जमीन के अंदर खोदकर भोजन ढूंढता है, जिससे फसलों को नुकसान होता है।

संरक्षण स्थिति

IUCN के अनुसार यह Least Concern श्रेणी में है।

लेकिन मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष बढ़ रहा है।

📘 MCQs (हिंदी)

Q1. यह किस वर्ग का है?

A. स्तनधारी

B. सरीसृप

C. पक्षी

D. उभयचर

उत्तर: A

Q2. वैज्ञानिक नाम क्या है?

A. Hystrix indica

B. Rattus

C. Mus

D. Sciurus

उत्तर: A

Q3. यह क्या खाता है?

A. मांस

B. पौधे

C. दोनों

D. परजीवी

उत्तर: B

Q4. कांटे का उपयोग?

A. शिकार

B. रक्षा

C. उड़ना

D. खोदना

उत्तर: B

Q5. यह कैसे हमला करता है?

A. फेंककर

B. गोली मारकर

C. पीछे से

D. जहर से

उत्तर: C

Q6. यह कब सक्रिय होता है?

A. दिन

B. रात

C. सुबह

D. शाम

उत्तर: B

Q7. इसका आवास क्या है?

A. समुद्र

B. रेगिस्तान

C. पहाड़ी और जंगल

D. बर्फ

उत्तर: C

Q8. यह कहाँ पाया जाता है?

A. यूरोप

B. एशिया

C. अफ्रीका

D. अमेरिका

उत्तर: B

Q9. IUCN स्थिति क्या है?

A. Endangered

B. Vulnerable

C. Least Concern

D. Critically Endangered

उत्तर: C

Q10. समस्या क्या है?

A. शिकार

B. फसल नुकसान

C. प्रवास

D. बीमारी

उत्तर: B

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