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Wular Lake Restoration in Kashmir | Ramsar Wetland & Flood Buffer | UPSC Environment & Geography

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📘 ENGLISH CONTENT

Recent conservation initiatives at the Wular Lake have reclaimed 5 sq. km of silted land, removed invasive willows, and strengthened embankments—enhancing ecological integrity and flood resilience.

About Wular Lake

  • Largest freshwater lake in India
  • Among the largest freshwater lakes in Asia
  • Designated a Ramsar Wetland (1990)

Location

  • Bandipore district, Jammu & Kashmir
  • ~32 km north-northwest of Srinagar
  • At the foothills of Haramuk Mountain
  • Elevation: ~1,580 m

Hydrology & Formation

  • The Jhelum River flows through the lake → acts as a natural regulator of its flow
  • Basin formed due to tectonic activity
  • Considered a remnant of the ancient Satisar Lake

Size & Seasonal Variation

  • Approx. dimensions: 16 km (length) × 10 km (width)
  • Area varies ~30–260 sq. km depending on season (snowmelt/monsoon vs. lean period)

Key Features

  • Central island: Zaina Lank (built by Zain-ul-Abidin)
  • Rich wetland ecosystem supporting fisheries and biodiversity
  • Contributes ~60% of fish yield in the Kashmir Valley

Ecological & Economic Importance

  • Acts as a flood buffer for the Jhelum basin
  • Supports livelihoods (fisheries)
  • Provides habitat for fish, birds, and aquatic life
  • Maintains hydrological balance of the valley

Conservation Actions (Recent)

  • Desiltation and land reclamation
  • Removal of invasive willows
  • Embankment strengthening
  • Aim: Restore water spread, improve carrying capacity, and enhance flood mitigation

📘 MCQs (ENGLISH)

Q1. Wular Lake is located in:

A. Himachal Pradesh

B. Uttarakhand

C. Jammu & Kashmir

D. Sikkim

Answer: C

Q2. It is the ______ in India:

A. Largest saline lake

B. Largest freshwater lake

C. Largest glacial lake

D. Largest lagoon

Answer: B

Q3. River associated with Wular Lake:

A. Ganga

B. Chenab

C. Jhelum

D. Ravi

Answer: C

Q4. Wular Lake was designated as Ramsar site in:

A. 1980

B. 1985

C. 1990

D. 2000

Answer: C

Q5. The lake basin was formed due to:

A. Glacial action

B. Volcanic activity

C. Tectonic activity

D. River erosion

Answer: C

Q6. Zaina Lank is:

A. River

B. Island

C. Mountain

D. Wetland

Answer: B

Q7. Elevation of Wular Lake is about:

A. 500 m

B. 1000 m

C. 1580 m

D. 3000 m

Answer: C

Q8. The lake contributes majorly to:

A. Agriculture

B. Mining

C. Fisheries

D. Industry

Answer: C

Q9. Seasonal area variation is due to:

A. Wind

B. Rainfall & snowmelt

C. Earthquakes

D. Temperature

Answer: B

Q10. Recent conservation focus includes:

A. Mining

B. Desiltation

C. Urbanization

D. Industrialization

Answer: B

📘 हिंदी कंटेंट

वुलर झील | UPSC Environment & Geography

Wular Lake में हाल ही में संरक्षण कार्य किए गए हैं।

परिचय

  • भारत की सबसे बड़ी मीठे पानी की झील
  • रामसर साइट (1990)

स्थान

  • जम्मू-कश्मीर
  • बांदीपोरा जिला
  • हरमुख पर्वत के पास

नदी

  • झेलम नदी

निर्माण

  • टेक्टोनिक गतिविधि
  • प्राचीन सतीसर झील का अवशेष

विशेषताएँ

  • क्षेत्र बदलता रहता है
  • ज़ैना लंक द्वीप

महत्व

  • बाढ़ नियंत्रण
  • मछली उत्पादन
  • पारिस्थितिकी संतुलन

संरक्षण कार्य

  • सिल्ट हटाना
  • विलो हटाना
  • तटबंध मजबूत करना

📘 MCQs (हिंदी)

Q1. वुलर झील कहाँ है?

A. हिमाचल

B. उत्तराखंड

C. जम्मू-कश्मीर

D. सिक्किम

उत्तर: C

Q2. यह भारत की क्या है?

A. खारे पानी

B. मीठे पानी

C. ग्लेशियर

D. लैगून

उत्तर: B

Q3. कौन सी नदी जुड़ी है?

A. गंगा

B. चेनाब

C. झेलम

D. रावी

उत्तर: C

Q4. रामसर कब बना?

A. 1980

B. 1985

C. 1990

D. 2000

उत्तर: C

Q5. यह कैसे बना?

A. ग्लेशियर

B. ज्वालामुखी

C. टेक्टोनिक

D. नदी

उत्तर: C

Q6. ज़ैना लंक क्या है?

A. नदी

B. द्वीप

C. पर्वत

D. झील

उत्तर: B

Q7. ऊँचाई कितनी है?

A. 500

B. 1000

C. 1580

D. 3000

उत्तर: C

Q8. यह किसके लिए महत्वपूर्ण है?

A. खेती

B. खनन

C. मछली

D. उद्योग

उत्तर: C

Q9. क्षेत्र क्यों बदलता है?

A. हवा

B. बारिश

C. भूकंप

D. तापमान

उत्तर: B

Q10. संरक्षण में क्या हुआ?

A. खनन

B. सिल्ट हटाना

C. शहर

D. उद्योग

उत्तर: B

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