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Comprehension 1 — Democracy, Expertise and Public Judgment | UPSC CSAT Tough Reading Comprehension Practice – Advanced Level

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Sample Questions from Comprehension 1 — Democracy, Expertise and Public Judgment | UPSC CSAT Tough Reading Comprehension Practice – Advanced Level

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Q1. Which one of the following best expresses the central argument of the passage?

A. Modern political problems have become too complicated to be decided democratically.
B. Experts should determine policies while elected representatives should merely implement them.
C. Democracy must use specialized knowledge without allowing expertise to replace political judgment about values and priorities.
D. Political leaders should follow public opinion whenever expert recommendations are unpopular.

Q2. According to the passage, which of the following can experts legitimately contribute to democratic decision-making? 1. Identifying the probable consequences of alternative policies 2. Determining which social values should receive the highest priority 3. Identifying constraints within which political choices must be made 4. Revealing assumptions that may be factually incorrect Select the correct answer using the code below:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 3 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q3. Which one of the following assumptions is most essential to the author's argument?

A. Ordinary citizens are incapable of understanding any technical information.
B. Every political disagreement can ultimately be resolved through scientific investigation.
C. Factual knowledge alone cannot determine all legitimate political choices.
D. Experts generally possess political values superior to those of ordinary citizens.

Q4. The author would most likely agree with which one of the following statements?

A. A policy supported by overwhelming scientific evidence must necessarily be politically desirable.
B. Democratic legitimacy requires citizens themselves to possess specialist knowledge about every policy issue.
C. Popular opinion should override factual evidence because citizens are sovereign in a democracy.
D. Technical evidence may constrain the range of sensible choices without uniquely determining which choice society ought to make.

Q5. Consider the following situation: A government receives expert advice that closing several highly polluting industries would significantly improve air quality but would also cause substantial short-term unemployment. Which response would be most consistent with the author's reasoning?

A. Close the industries immediately because scientific evidence has established that pollution is harmful.
B. Keep all industries open because employment reflects the preferences of ordinary citizens.
C. Publicly examine the evidence regarding pollution and employment and democratically determine the acceptable trade-off.
D. Allow environmental scientists alone to decide because the issue involves pollution.

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