Important Economic Terms / महत्वपूर्ण आर्थिक शब्दावली
The source provides a glossary of economic and banking terms. Understanding these definitions is useful because competitive examinations frequently ask direct definition-based and concept-based questions.
Source economic और banking terms की glossary देता है। Competitive examinations में definitions तथा concept-based questions के लिए ये terms बहुत important हैं।
Assets / परिसंपत्तियाँ
Assets mean property of any kind.
Assets का अर्थ किसी भी प्रकार की property या परिसंपत्ति है।
Balance of Trade / व्यापार संतुलन
The difference between exports and imports in trade is called Balance of Trade.
Exports और imports के बीच difference को Balance of Trade कहा जाता है।
Balance Sheet / बैलेंस शीट
A statement of accounts, generally of a business concern, prepared at the end of a period such as a year.
Balance Sheet business concern के accounts का statement है जो generally accounting period के end में तैयार किया जाता है।
Banker's Cheque / बैंकर्स चेक
The source describes it as a cheque by one bank to another.
Bank Rate / बैंक दर
It is the rate of interest charged by RBI for lending money to commercial banks according to the source.
Barter / वस्तु विनिमय
Barter means trading by exchanging one commodity for another.
एक commodity के बदले दूसरी commodity exchange करके trade करना Barter कहलाता है।
Black Money / काला धन
The source describes black money as unaccounted money, concealed income and undisclosed wealth.
Unaccounted money, concealed income तथा undisclosed wealth को source Black Money के रूप में describe करता है।
Bond / बॉन्ड
A bond is a legal agreement to pay a certain principal sum at a future date and generally carries a fixed rate of interest.
Budget / बजट
A budget is an estimate of expected revenue and expenditure for a given period, usually one year.
Budget एक given period, generally one year, के expected revenue और expenditure का estimate है।
Budget Deficit / बजट घाटा
When government expenditure exceeds revenue, the difference is described as a budget deficit in the source.
Bulls / बुल्स
The source describes bulls as stock-market speculators who buy in anticipation that prices will rise.
Bulls ऐसे market participants हैं जो prices rise होने की expectation रखते हैं।
Buyer's Market / खरीदार का बाजार
A situation in which supply exceeds demand, giving purchasers stronger bargaining power.
Commercial Banks / वाणिज्यिक बैंक
Financial institutions that accept deposits, create credit, provide loans and perform other financial functions.
Call Money / कॉल मनी
A loan made for a very short period.
Deflation / अपस्फीति
The source describes deflation as a state in which money in circulation has decreased.
Depreciation / मूल्यह्रास
Reduction in value of fixed assets due to wear and tear.
Wear and tear के कारण fixed assets के value में reduction को Depreciation कहा जाता है।
Devaluation / अवमूल्यन
Official reduction in the foreign value of domestic currency. The source states that it is intended to encourage exports and discourage imports.
Domestic currency के foreign value में official reduction को Devaluation कहते हैं। Source इसे exports encourage तथा imports discourage करने से जोड़ता है।
Dividend / लाभांश
Earnings of stock paid to shareholders.
Dumping / डंपिंग
The source describes dumping as sale of a commodity at different prices in different markets, with a lower price in a market where demand is relatively elastic.
Exchange Rate / विनिमय दर
The rate at which one country's currency is exchanged for another.
Excise Duty / उत्पाद शुल्क
The source describes it as a tax imposed on manufacture, sale and consumption of specified commodities.
Fiscal Policy / राजकोषीय नीति
Fiscal Policy relates to government expenditure, taxation and borrowing.
Fiscal Policy government expenditure, tax policy तथा borrowing से संबंधित है।
GDP / सकल घरेलू उत्पाद
GDP measures the flow of goods and services produced by an economy over a specified period, normally a year.
Repo Rate / रेपो दर
The source defines it as the rate at which banks borrow from RBI and associates it with injection of liquidity into the market.
Inflation / मुद्रास्फीति
Inflation is a sustained and appreciable increase in the general price level over a considerable period.
General price level में sustained और appreciable increase को Inflation कहते हैं।
Market Structures / बाजार संरचनाएँ
Monopoly / एकाधिकार
Single seller selling a single product.
Monopolistic Competition / एकाधिकारात्मक प्रतियोगिता
Many sellers selling differentiated products.
Bilateral Monopoly / द्विपक्षीय एकाधिकार
Single buyer and single seller.
Monopsony / एकक्रेता बाजार
Single buyer.
Oligopoly / अल्पाधिकार
The source associates oligopoly with a few sellers and notes price war as a common feature.
Reverse Repo Rate / रिवर्स रेपो दर
The source defines Reverse Repo Rate as the rate at which RBI borrows from banks for the short term and associates it with withdrawal of liquidity from the market.
Exam Revision / परीक्षा पुनरावृत्ति
- Inflation → Sustained increase in price level
- Depreciation → Reduction in value of fixed assets
- Devaluation → Official reduction in external value of currency
- Fiscal Policy → Expenditure + Taxation + Borrowing
- Monopoly → Single seller
- Monopsony → Single buyer
- Bilateral Monopoly → Single buyer + Single seller
- Oligopoly → Few sellers
- Repo → Liquidity injection in source
- Reverse Repo → Liquidity withdrawal in source