Buddhism practice question for Railways, SSC, UPSC. Review the correct answer and explanation, then continue with related practice below.
Which school of Buddhist art is especially known for Buddha images showing strong Hellenistic artistic influence?
Correct Answerसही उत्तर
A. GandharaA. गांधार
Explanationव्याख्या
The Gandhara school of art is especially famous for combining Buddhist subjects with artistic features influenced by Hellenistic, Roman and local northwestern traditions.
Gandhara flourished mainly in regions corresponding to parts of present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan under Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Parthian and especially Kushan cultural environments.
Buddha images in Gandhara are often characterized by deeply carved robe folds, wavy hair and naturalistic treatment of the human body.
The Mathura school developed a different sculptural vocabulary rooted strongly in Indian artistic traditions and used materials such as mottled red sandstone.
Both Gandhara and Mathura played important roles in the development of anthropomorphic Buddha imagery.
It is therefore better to avoid the outdated claim that Buddha images were invented exclusively in one school; the development was complex and involved multiple artistic centres.
गांधार कला शैली बौद्ध विषयों को हेलेनिस्टिक, रोमन तथा उत्तर-पश्चिमी स्थानीय कलात्मक तत्वों के साथ जोड़ने के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। इसका विकास मुख्यतः वर्तमान पाकिस्तान और अफगानिस्तान के कुछ क्षेत्रों में हुआ तथा कुषाण काल में यह विशेष रूप से फली-फूली। गांधार की बुद्ध प्रतिमाओं में गहरे वस्त्र-विन्यास, लहरदार बाल और मानव शरीर का अपेक्षाकृत प्राकृतिक चित्रण दिखाई देता है। मथुरा शैली ने भारतीय कलात्मक परंपराओं पर आधारित अलग मूर्तिकला भाषा विकसित की और लाल चित्तीदार बलुआ पत्थर का व्यापक उपयोग किया। बुद्ध की मानवाकार प्रतिमाओं के विकास में गांधार और मथुरा दोनों का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान था। इसलिए यह कहना कि बुद्ध प्रतिमा केवल एक ही शैली में पहली बार बनी, अत्यधिक सरलीकरण होगा।
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