Para Jumble practice question for SSC. Review the correct answer and explanation, then continue with related practice below.
Arrange the following sentences in the correct order. A. Strong causal inference therefore depends on asking what would have happened to the same units without the intervention. B. Observing participants before and after a programme does not by itself reveal its causal effect. C. Other changes occurring over the same period may also influence the outcome. D. A credible comparison group helps approximate this otherwise unobservable counterfactual.
Correct Answerसही उत्तर
D. BCDA
Explanationव्याख्या
(English): B introduces the weakness of simple before-and-after comparison.
C explains why other simultaneous changes can affect outcomes.
D introduces the comparison group as a way to estimate the counterfactual.
A concludes with the underlying principle of causal inference.
Overall Meaning: To estimate causal effect, we need a credible estimate of what would have happened without the intervention.
व्याख्या (Hindi): B बताता है कि programme से पहले और बाद का comparison अकेले causal effect सिद्ध नहीं करता।
C बताता है कि उसी समय अन्य factors भी outcome बदल सकते हैं।
D comparison group से counterfactual estimate करने की बात करता है और A causal inference का मुख्य सिद्धांत देता है।
समग्र अर्थ:
किसी intervention का वास्तविक causal effect जानने के लिए यह अनुमान जरूरी है कि intervention न होने पर क्या होता।
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