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UPSC CSAT Tough Reading Comprehension 10 — When Rules Become a Substitute for Judgment

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Sample Questions from UPSC CSAT Tough Reading Comprehension 10 — When Rules Become a Substitute for Judgment

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Q1. Which one of the following best expresses the central argument of the passage?

A. Rules should always be preferred to discretion because consistency is the highest form of fairness.

B. Institutional fairness requires a balance between rules, discretion and accountability rather than complete reliance on any one of them.

C. Discretion should replace rules because unusual cases are too common to be governed by general principles.

D. Fairness can be achieved only when officials have complete freedom to adapt decisions to individual circumstances.

Q2. According to the passage, why are rules valuable in organized societies?

A. They eliminate the need for human judgment.

B. They ensure that all individuals receive identical outcomes.

C. They promote predictability and protect individuals from arbitrary decision-making.

D. They allow institutions to avoid accountability.

Q3. Which one of the following assumptions is most essential to the author's argument?

A. Reality contains circumstances that cannot always be anticipated by pre-existing rules.

B. Most officials intentionally misuse discretionary authority.

C. Rules are generally more efficient than discretionary decisions.

D. Citizens prefer flexibility over predictability in all situations.

Q4. The example of the scholarship programme with an income threshold is primarily used to illustrate which one of the following?

A. Income-based scholarship systems are fundamentally unfair.

B. Any clear rule applied to a continuous reality can create difficult cases near its boundary.

C. Officials should always have authority to override eligibility rules.

D. Household income is an unreliable measure of economic need.

Q5. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1. A system governed entirely by rigid rules may sometimes produce unreasonable outcomes. 2. Discretion can improve fairness by considering circumstances that rules fail to capture. 3. The author advocates eliminating rules and relying primarily on judgment. 4. Accountability mechanisms can help prevent discretion from becoming arbitrary. Which of the statements given above are consistent with the passage?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 2 and 4 only

C. 2, 3 and 4 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

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