Mount Everest

Height, Location, First Ascent, Names, Geography & Important Facts

माउंट एवरेस्ट: ऊँचाई, स्थिति, प्रथम आरोहण एवं महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य

ENGLISH SECTION

Introduction

Mount Everest is the:

Highest mountain above mean sea level in the world

Its officially agreed snow-surface height is:

8,848.86 metres

or approximately:

29,031.7 feet

Mount Everest lies in the:

Himalayas

on the international border between:

🇳🇵 Nepal and 🇨🇳 China

The northern side lies in the:

Tibet Autonomous Region of China

while the southern side lies in:

Nepal

Nepal and China jointly announced the current official height of 8,848.86 metres on 8 December 2020.

Quick Facts

Why Is Mount Everest Important?

Mount Everest is the highest point on Earth's land surface when elevation is measured from:

Mean Sea Level

The currently accepted snow-surface elevation is:

8,848.86 metres

The figure was jointly announced by Nepal and China after their respective survey work.

Where Is Mount Everest Located?

Mount Everest lies on the border between:

Nepal and China

More specifically:

Southern Side

Nepal

Northern Side

Tibet Autonomous Region, China

The international boundary runs across the summit region.

Therefore, the exam answer should be:

Mount Everest → Nepal–China border

not simply:

❌ Nepal only.

Mountain Range

Mount Everest belongs to the:

Himalayan Mountain System

More specifically, it lies in the:

Mahalangur Himal

section of the Himalayas.

The Himalayan region contains many of Earth's highest peaks.

Height of Mount Everest

The most important current figure is:

8,848.86 metres

This is the officially agreed:

Snow-Surface Height

announced jointly by Nepal and China in:

2020

China and Nepal officially announced the figure on:

8 December 2020.

Why Do Old Books Say 8,848 m?

Older GK books commonly give Everest's height as:

8,848 metres

This figure came from earlier surveys and was widely used internationally for decades.

The 2020 joint measurement produced the agreed figure:

8,848.86 m

Therefore:

Old common GK figure

8,848 m

Current official figure

8,848.86 m

For current competitive examinations, 8,848.86 m is the safer answer.

Why Did Everest's Height Become a Question?

Measuring a mountain as high as Everest is scientifically complicated.

Measurements can involve:

• satellite positioning,

• gravity measurements,

• levelling,

• terrain measurements,

• geodetic calculations,

• snow-depth measurements.

China's 2020 survey also involved GNSS and other geodetic techniques.

Rock Height vs Snow Height

Another reason for different historical figures is whether measurements refer to:

Rock height

or:

Snow-surface height

The summit is covered by snow and ice.

Different measurement conventions contributed to different figures in earlier surveys.

The jointly announced:

8,848.86 m

is the snow-surface elevation.

Names of Mount Everest

Mount Everest has several important names.

English

Mount Everest

Nepal

Sagarmatha

Tibet

Chomolungma / Qomolangma

Historical Survey Designation

Peak XV

These names are frequently asked in competitive examinations.

Sagarmatha

In Nepal, Mount Everest is officially known as:

Sagarmatha

Therefore:

Sagarmatha refers to which mountain?

Answer:

Mount Everest

Chomolungma / Qomolangma

The traditional Tibetan name is commonly transliterated as:

Chomolungma

Other transliterations include:

Qomolangma

China commonly uses:

Mount Qomolangma

for Everest.

Exam Pair

Sagarmatha → Nepal

Chomolungma/Qomolangma → Tibet

Peak XV

During the:

Great Trigonometrical Survey of India

the mountain was initially identified by the survey designation:

Peak XV

This is an extremely important static-GK fact.

Remember

Peak XV = Mount Everest

Who Determined That Peak XV Was the Highest?

An important name associated with the measurement history is:

Radhanath Sikdar

an Indian mathematician and surveyor.

Working with the Great Trigonometrical Survey, Sikdar's calculations helped establish that Peak XV was the world's highest known mountain.

This is an important Indian contribution to the history of Everest's measurement.

Why Is It Called Mount Everest?

The mountain's English name honours:

Sir George Everest

who served as:

Surveyor General of India

in the nineteenth century.

His successor:

Andrew Waugh

proposed naming Peak XV after George Everest.

The name:

Mount Everest

was subsequently adopted by the Royal Geographical Society in the nineteenth century.

Important Exam Trap

Sir George Everest:

did not discover Mount Everest

and:

did not make the first ascent

The mountain was named in his honour because of his association with the Survey of India.

First Confirmed Ascent

The first confirmed successful ascent of Mount Everest took place on:

29 May 1953

The two climbers were:

Sir Edmund Hillary

and:

Tenzing Norgay

Edmund Hillary

Edmund Hillary was from:

🇳🇿 New Zealand

He was a mountaineer and explorer.

He later became one of the most famous figures in the history of mountaineering.

Tenzing Norgay

Tenzing Norgay was a famous:

Sherpa mountaineer

He had extensive experience in Himalayan expeditions.

For examination purposes, the safest identification is:

Tenzing Norgay → Sherpa mountaineer

He later lived in India and became closely associated with mountaineering training in Darjeeling.

1953 Expedition

The successful ascent occurred during a:

British Expedition

led by:

Colonel John Hunt

Hillary and Tenzing reached the summit together on:

29 May 1953

Memory Formula

1953 → Hillary + Tenzing

Did Hillary or Tenzing Reach First?

A popular question asks:

Who stepped onto the summit first?

For general examination purposes, avoid trying to rank the two.

The historic achievement is officially remembered as the successful first confirmed ascent by:

Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay

together.

First Ascent from the North Side

Another important fact:

The first successful ascent of Everest from its:

North side

was achieved in:

1960

by a Chinese expedition.

China marked 2020 as the 60th anniversary of the first successful summit from the northern slope.

First Woman to Climb Everest

The first woman to successfully climb Mount Everest was:

Junko Tabei

Country:

🇯🇵 Japan

Year:

1975

Memory Trick

First Woman → Junko Tabei → Japan → 1975

First Indian Woman to Climb Everest

The first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest was:

Bachendri Pal

Year:

1984

She became one of India's most celebrated mountaineers.

Exam Pair

First Woman → Junko Tabei

First Indian Woman → Bachendri Pal

First Indian to Climb Everest

The first Indian to reach the summit of Mount Everest was:

Avtar Singh Cheema

Year:

1965

He was part of the historic Indian Everest expedition.

Indian Everest Expedition – 1965

India achieved a major mountaineering milestone in:

1965

when an Indian expedition successfully placed several climbers on Everest.

The expedition was led by:

Captain M.S. Kohli

This is an important fact for Indian competitive examinations.

Bachendri Pal

Bachendri Pal reached the summit in:

1984

and became:

the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest

She is an important name for:

• SSC,

• Railway,

• UPSC,

• State PSC,

• sports and adventure GK.

Junko Tabei

Japan's Junko Tabei reached Everest in:

1975

and became:

the first woman in the world to summit Everest

She later became the first woman to complete the Seven Summits.

Himalayas and Everest

Mount Everest is part of the:

Greater Himalayas

or:

Himadri

region of the Himalayan mountain system.

The Greater Himalayas contain many of the highest peaks of the Himalayan system.

How Was Everest Formed?

Mount Everest exists because of the geological processes responsible for the formation of the Himalayas.

The Himalayas developed primarily through the collision of:

Indian Plate

with:

Eurasian Plate

The Indian Plate moved northward and collided with Eurasia.

The compression and uplift associated with this convergence produced the Himalayan mountain system.

Are the Himalayas Still Rising?

The Indian and Eurasian plates continue to converge.

The Himalayan region therefore remains:

Tectonically Active

This tectonic activity is also associated with:

• earthquakes,

• crustal deformation,

• uplift,

• landslides.

2015 Nepal Earthquake

A powerful earthquake struck Nepal in:

2015

The earthquake affected the Everest region and triggered an avalanche at Everest Base Camp.

The disaster also renewed scientific interest in whether the earthquake had altered Everest's height.

Subsequent survey work contributed to the new measurements announced in 2020.

Everest and the Death Zone

The region above approximately:

8,000 metres

is commonly known in mountaineering as the:

Death Zone

At these extreme elevations, atmospheric pressure and available oxygen are very low.

Mountaineers face risks including:

• hypoxia,

• frostbite,

• exhaustion,

• high-altitude illness,

• avalanches,

• extreme weather.

South Col Route

One of the main routes to Everest's summit approaches from:

Nepal

via the:

South Col

This was the route associated with the successful 1953 Hillary–Tenzing expedition.

North Col Route

The other major approach is from:

Tibet, China

through the northern side of the mountain.

Thus Everest can broadly be approached from:

Nepal – South

and:

Tibet – North

Everest Base Camps

There are two principal base-camp areas.

South Base Camp

Nepal

North Base Camp

Tibet, China

This is another useful exam distinction.

Sagarmatha National Park

On the Nepalese side, Everest lies within:

Sagarmatha National Park

The park is recognised as a:

UNESCO World Heritage Site

It contains spectacular Himalayan landscapes and important high-altitude ecosystems.

Highest Mountain vs Farthest from Earth's Centre

This is a classic examination trap.

Mount Everest is:

Highest above mean sea level

But the point on Earth's surface farthest from Earth's centre is associated with:

Mount Chimborazo

in Ecuador.

Why?

Because Earth bulges around the equator, and Chimborazo lies close to the equator.

Remember

Highest above sea level → Everest

Farthest from Earth's centre → Chimborazo

Everest vs Mauna Kea

Another famous comparison involves:

Mauna Kea

in Hawaii.

If a mountain is measured from its underwater base to summit, Mauna Kea is extraordinarily tall and exceeds Everest in total base-to-summit vertical extent.

However:

Mount Everest remains the world's highest mountain above mean sea level.

Exam Trap

Highest above sea level → Everest

Do not replace Everest with Mauna Kea unless the question specifically asks about base-to-summit measurement.

Everest vs K2

Remember

Everest → 1st

K2 → 2nd

Everest vs Kangchenjunga

Top Three

Everest → K2 → Kangchenjunga

Eight-Thousanders

Mountains higher than:

8,000 metres

are known as:

Eight-thousanders

There are:

14

recognised eight-thousanders.

Mount Everest is the highest of them.

World's Highest Peaks – Important Sequence

1. Mount Everest – 8,848.86 m

2. K2 – 8,611 m

3. Kangchenjunga – 8,586 m

4. Lhotse – 8,516 m

5. Makalu – 8,485 m

This sequence is extremely important for geography examinations.

Common Exam Traps

Trap 1

Mount Everest lies completely within Nepal.

❌ Incorrect.

It lies on the:

Nepal–China border

Trap 2

Everest's current official height is exactly 8,848 m.

❌ Older common figure.

Current jointly announced figure:

8,848.86 m

Trap 3

Mount Everest is part of the Karakoram.

❌ Incorrect.

Himalayas

K2 belongs to the Karakoram.

Trap 4

Peak XV refers to K2.

❌ Incorrect.

Peak XV = Mount Everest

Trap 5

Sagarmatha is another name for K2.

❌ Incorrect.

Sagarmatha = Everest

Trap 6

Chomolungma/Qomolangma is the Nepalese name.

❌ Incorrect.

It is the Tibetan name/form.

Nepal:

Sagarmatha

Trap 7

George Everest was the first person to climb Everest.

❌ Incorrect.

The mountain was named after him.

The first confirmed ascent was by:

Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay

Trap 8

Everest was first climbed in 1947.

❌ Incorrect.

1953

Trap 9

Bachendri Pal was the first woman in the world to climb Everest.

❌ Incorrect.

First woman:

Junko Tabei – 1975

Bachendri Pal:

First Indian woman – 1984

Trap 10

K2 is higher than Everest.

❌ Incorrect.

Everest:

8,848.86 m

K2:

8,611 m

Memory Tricks

Everest Height

8848.86

Remember:

88 – 48 – 86

First Ascent

1953 = Hillary + Tenzing

Names

Nepal → Sagarmatha

Tibet → Chomolungma

Survey → Peak XV

English → Everest

Women Climbers

1975 → Junko Tabei → First Woman

1984 → Bachendri Pal → First Indian Woman

One-Line Revision

Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas on the Nepal–China border, is the world's highest mountain above mean sea level at 8,848.86 metres and was first successfully climbed by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on 29 May 1953.

Quick Revision

MOUNT EVEREST

→ World's highest above mean sea level

→ Height: 8,848.86 m

→ Range: Himalayas

→ Sub-range: Mahalangur Himal

→ Border: Nepal–China

→ Nepalese name: Sagarmatha

→ Tibetan name: Chomolungma/Qomolangma

→ Survey name: Peak XV

→ Named after: Sir George Everest

→ Indian surveyor: Radhanath Sikdar

→ First ascent: 29 May 1953

→ Climbers: Edmund Hillary + Tenzing Norgay

→ Hillary: New Zealand

→ Expedition: British

→ Leader: John Hunt

→ First woman: Junko Tabei – 1975

→ First Indian woman: Bachendri Pal – 1984

→ First Indian: Avtar Singh Cheema – 1965

→ South approach: Nepal

→ North approach: Tibet

→ Above 8,000 m: Death Zone

→ World's second highest: K2

→ World's third highest: Kangchenjunga

→ Current height announced: 8 December 2020

हिन्दी अनुभाग

परिचय

माउंट एवरेस्ट समुद्र तल से ऊँचाई के आधार पर:

विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत

है।

इसकी वर्तमान आधिकारिक हिम-आवृत ऊँचाई है:

8,848.86 मीटर

यह लगभग:

29,031.7 फीट

के बराबर है।

माउंट एवरेस्ट:

हिमालय पर्वतमाला

में:

नेपाल और चीन

की अंतरराष्ट्रीय सीमा पर स्थित है।

इसका उत्तरी भाग चीन के:

तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र

की ओर है, जबकि दक्षिणी भाग:

नेपाल

की ओर है।

नेपाल और चीन ने 8 दिसंबर 2020 को संयुक्त रूप से इसकी नई आधिकारिक ऊँचाई 8,848.86 मीटर घोषित की।

मुख्य तथ्य

विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत

परीक्षा में पूछा जाए:

विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत कौन-सा है?

उत्तर:

Mount Everest

ऊँचाई:

8,848.86 मीटर

ध्यान रहे कि यहाँ ऊँचाई:

औसत समुद्र तल

से मापी जाती है।

माउंट एवरेस्ट कहाँ स्थित है?

माउंट एवरेस्ट स्थित है:

नेपाल–चीन सीमा

पर।

दक्षिणी भाग

नेपाल

उत्तरी भाग

तिब्बत स्वायत्त क्षेत्र, चीन

इसलिए केवल:

❌ नेपाल

लिखना पूर्ण उत्तर नहीं है।

सही उत्तर:

नेपाल और चीन की सीमा

पर्वतमाला

Mount Everest:

हिमालय

का हिस्सा है।

अधिक सटीक रूप से यह:

महालंगूर हिमाल

क्षेत्र में स्थित है।

एवरेस्ट की वर्तमान ऊँचाई

वर्तमान आधिकारिक ऊँचाई:

8,848.86 मीटर

है।

यह ऊँचाई:

नेपाल और चीन

ने संयुक्त रूप से:

8 दिसंबर 2020

को घोषित की थी।

पुरानी किताबों में 8,848 मीटर क्यों?

कई पुरानी GK पुस्तकों में ऊँचाई:

8,848 मीटर

दी गई है।

यह लंबे समय तक प्रचलित पुराना आंकड़ा था।

वर्तमान संयुक्त आधिकारिक आंकड़ा:

8,848.86 मीटर

है।

परीक्षा के लिए

पुराना सामान्य आंकड़ा → 8,848 m

वर्तमान आधिकारिक आंकड़ा → 8,848.86 m

Snow Height और Rock Height

एवरेस्ट की ऊँचाई मापने में एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न यह भी रहा है कि:

बर्फ सहित ऊँचाई

मापी जाए या:

चट्टान की ऊँचाई

2020 में घोषित:

8,848.86 मीटर

हिम सतह की ऊँचाई है।

एवरेस्ट के विभिन्न नाम

Mount Everest के कई महत्वपूर्ण नाम हैं।

अंग्रेजी

Mount Everest

नेपाल

Sagarmatha – सागरमाथा

तिब्बत

Chomolungma / Qomolangma

सर्वेक्षण नाम

Peak XV

सागरमाथा

नेपाल में Mount Everest को कहा जाता है:

सागरमाथा

परीक्षा प्रश्न:

सागरमाथा किस पर्वत का दूसरा नाम है?

उत्तर:

Mount Everest

चोमोलुंगमा

तिब्बती नाम है:

Chomolungma

जिसका एक अन्य अंग्रेजी लिप्यंतरण:

Qomolangma

भी है।

याद रखें

Nepal → Sagarmatha

Tibet → Chomolungma

Peak XV

Great Trigonometrical Survey के दौरान Everest को सर्वेक्षण में:

Peak XV

के रूप में जाना गया।

परीक्षा सूत्र

Peak XV = Mount Everest

राधानाथ सिकदर

Everest के मापन के इतिहास में एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण भारतीय नाम है:

राधानाथ सिकदर

वे भारतीय गणितज्ञ और सर्वेक्षक थे।

उनकी गणनाओं ने यह स्थापित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई कि:

Peak XV विश्व की सबसे ऊँची ज्ञात चोटी है।

यह भारत के वैज्ञानिक और सर्वेक्षण इतिहास का महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य है।

George Everest

Mount Everest का अंग्रेजी नाम:

Sir George Everest

के सम्मान में रखा गया।

वे भारत के:

Surveyor General

रहे थे।

उनके उत्तराधिकारी:

Andrew Waugh

ने Peak XV का नाम George Everest के सम्मान में रखने का प्रस्ताव दिया।

महत्वपूर्ण भ्रम

George Everest:

❌ पर्वत के प्रथम आरोही नहीं थे।

❌ उन्होंने पर्वत की खोज नहीं की थी।

उनके सम्मान में पर्वत का अंग्रेजी नाम:

Mount Everest

रखा गया।

प्रथम सफल आरोहण

Mount Everest पर पहला पुष्टि-प्राप्त सफल आरोहण हुआ:

29 मई 1953

दो पर्वतारोही थे:

Edmund Hillary

और:

Tenzing Norgay

Edmund Hillary

Edmund Hillary थे:

🇳🇿 न्यूजीलैंड

के पर्वतारोही।

Tenzing Norgay

Tenzing Norgay एक प्रसिद्ध:

Sherpa पर्वतारोही

थे।

वे हिमालयी पर्वतारोहण के इतिहास के सबसे प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तित्वों में गिने जाते हैं।

1953 Expedition

यह एक:

British Expedition

था।

अभियान का नेतृत्व किया:

John Hunt

ने।

Hillary और Tenzing ने:

29 May 1953

को शिखर पर पहुँचकर इतिहास रचा।

ट्रिक

1953 → Hillary + Tenzing

उत्तरी मार्ग से प्रथम सफल आरोहण

Everest की:

उत्तरी ढलान

से प्रथम सफल आरोहण:

1960

में चीनी अभियान ने किया।

2020 में चीन ने इस उपलब्धि की 60वीं वर्षगांठ का उल्लेख किया था।

विश्व की प्रथम महिला

Mount Everest पर चढ़ने वाली विश्व की पहली महिला थीं:

Junko Tabei

देश:

Japan

वर्ष:

1975

प्रथम भारतीय महिला

Mount Everest पर चढ़ने वाली प्रथम भारतीय महिला:

Bachendri Pal

वर्ष:

1984

प्रथम भारतीय

Mount Everest पर चढ़ने वाले प्रथम भारतीय:

Avtar Singh Cheema

वर्ष:

1965

1965 भारतीय अभियान

1965 का भारतीय Everest अभियान भारत के पर्वतारोहण इतिहास की महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धि था।

इस अभियान का नेतृत्व:

Captain M.S. Kohli

ने किया।

हिमालय का निर्माण

Mount Everest हिमालय का हिस्सा है।

हिमालय का निर्माण मुख्य रूप से:

Indian Plate

और:

Eurasian Plate

के टकराव के कारण हुआ।

भारतीय प्लेट उत्तर की ओर बढ़ी और यूरेशियन प्लेट से टकराई।

इस अभिसरण के परिणामस्वरूप हिमालय का उत्थान हुआ।

क्या हिमालय अभी भी सक्रिय है?

हाँ, भारतीय और यूरेशियन प्लेटों की अभिसरण प्रक्रिया जारी है।

इसलिए हिमालय क्षेत्र:

Tectonically Active

है।

यहाँ:

• भूकंप,

• भू-पर्पटी विकृति,

• भूस्खलन,

• उत्थान

जैसी भूवैज्ञानिक प्रक्रियाएँ होती रहती हैं।

2015 Nepal Earthquake

2015 में नेपाल में एक विनाशकारी भूकंप आया।

इसका प्रभाव Everest क्षेत्र पर भी पड़ा और:

Everest Base Camp

में हिमस्खलन हुआ।

इसके बाद Everest की ऊँचाई में संभावित परिवर्तन को लेकर वैज्ञानिक रुचि भी बढ़ी।

Death Zone

लगभग:

8,000 मीटर

से ऊपर के अत्यधिक ऊँचाई वाले क्षेत्र को पर्वतारोहण में:

Death Zone

कहा जाता है।

यहाँ ऑक्सीजन की उपलब्धता अत्यंत कम होती है।

पर्वतारोहियों को खतरे होते हैं:

• ऑक्सीजन की कमी,

• शीतदंश,

• अत्यधिक थकान,

• ऊँचाई संबंधी बीमारी,

• हिमस्खलन,

• खराब मौसम।

दक्षिणी मार्ग

नेपाल की ओर से प्रमुख आरोहण मार्ग:

South Col Route

है।

1953 में Hillary और Tenzing ने इसी दक्षिणी ओर से सफल आरोहण किया था।

उत्तरी मार्ग

दूसरा प्रमुख मार्ग:

Tibet

की ओर से है।

इसलिए याद रखें:

South → Nepal

North → Tibet

Base Camps

South Base Camp

Nepal

North Base Camp

Tibet, China

Sagarmatha National Park

नेपाल की ओर Mount Everest:

Sagarmatha National Park

के क्षेत्र में स्थित है।

यह:

UNESCO World Heritage Site

है।

Everest और Chimborazo

यह एक tricky geography question है।

समुद्र तल से सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत:

Mount Everest

लेकिन पृथ्वी के केंद्र से सबसे दूर सतही बिंदु:

Mount Chimborazo

के शिखर के पास है।

कारण:

पृथ्वी भूमध्य रेखा पर उभरी हुई है।

याद रखें

Sea Level → Everest

Earth's Centre → Chimborazo

Everest और Mauna Kea

यदि समुद्र के भीतर स्थित आधार से शिखर तक कुल ऊँचाई मापी जाए तो:

Mauna Kea

बहुत विशाल पर्वत है।

लेकिन सामान्य भौगोलिक प्रश्न में:

विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत = Mount Everest

क्योंकि यह समुद्र तल से सबसे ऊँचा है।

Everest बनाम K2

विश्व की तीन सबसे ऊँची चोटियाँ

1. Mount Everest

8,848.86 m

2. K2

8,611 m

3. Kangchenjunga

8,586 m

ट्रिक

E → K → K

Everest → K2 → Kangchenjunga

Eight-Thousanders

8,000 मीटर से अधिक ऊँचाई वाली चोटियों को:

Eight-thousanders

कहा जाता है।

विश्व में मान्यता प्राप्त:

14 Eight-thousanders

हैं।

इनमें सबसे ऊँचा:

Mount Everest

है।

परीक्षा में सामान्य भ्रम

भ्रम 1

Everest पूरी तरह Nepal में है।

❌ गलत

Nepal–China border

भ्रम 2

वर्तमान ऊँचाई 8,848 m है।

❌ पुराना सामान्य आंकड़ा

8,848.86 m

भ्रम 3

Everest Karakoram में है।

❌ गलत

Himalayas

भ्रम 4

Peak XV = K2

❌ गलत

Peak XV = Everest

भ्रम 5

Sagarmatha = K2

❌ गलत

Sagarmatha = Everest

भ्रम 6

Sagarmatha तिब्बती नाम है।

❌ गलत

Sagarmatha → Nepal

Chomolungma → Tibet

भ्रम 7

George Everest ने पहली बार Everest पर चढ़ाई की।

❌ गलत

पहला पुष्टि-प्राप्त सफल आरोहण:

Hillary + Tenzing

भ्रम 8

पहला सफल आरोहण 1947 में हुआ।

❌ गलत

1953

भ्रम 9

Bachendri Pal विश्व की पहली महिला थीं जिन्होंने Everest पर चढ़ाई की।

❌ गलत

विश्व की पहली महिला:

Junko Tabei – 1975

भारत की पहली महिला:

Bachendri Pal – 1984

भ्रम 10

K2 विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत है।

❌ गलत

Everest → First

K2 → Second

याद रखने की ट्रिक

ऊँचाई

88 – 48 – 86

= 8848.86 m

प्रथम आरोहण

1953 → Hillary + Tenzing

नाम

Nepal → Sagarmatha

Tibet → Chomolungma

Survey → Peak XV

English → Everest

महिला पर्वतारोही

1975 → Junko Tabei → World

1984 → Bachendri Pal → India

एक पंक्ति में

माउंट एवरेस्ट नेपाल और चीन की सीमा पर हिमालय में स्थित समुद्र तल से विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत है, जिसकी वर्तमान आधिकारिक ऊँचाई 8,848.86 मीटर है तथा 29 मई 1953 को Edmund Hillary और Tenzing Norgay ने इसका पहला पुष्टि-प्राप्त सफल आरोहण किया।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

MOUNT EVEREST

→ विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पर्वत

→ 8,848.86 m

→ Himalayas

→ Mahalangur Himal

→ Nepal–China Border

→ Nepal: Sagarmatha

→ Tibet: Chomolungma

→ Survey: Peak XV

→ Sir George Everest

→ Radhanath Sikdar

→ First Ascent: 29 May 1953

→ Edmund Hillary + Tenzing Norgay

→ Hillary: New Zealand

→ Expedition: British

→ Leader: John Hunt

→ First Woman: Junko Tabei – 1975

→ First Indian: Avtar Singh Cheema – 1965

→ First Indian Woman: Bachendri Pal – 1984

→ South Route: Nepal

→ North Route: Tibet

→ 8,000 m+: Death Zone

→ 2nd Highest: K2

→ 3rd Highest: Kangchenjunga

→ New Height Announcement: 8 December 2020

Practice MCQs

1. Which is the highest mountain above mean sea level?

A. K2
B. Kangchenjunga
C. Mount Everest
D. Makalu

Answer: C. Mount Everest

2. The current official height of Mount Everest is:

A. 8,611 m
B. 8,848 m exactly
C. 8,848.86 m
D. 8,586 m

Answer: C. 8,848.86 m

3. Mount Everest is located on the border of:

A. India and Nepal
B. Nepal and China
C. India and China
D. Bhutan and China

Answer: B. Nepal and China

4. Mount Everest belongs to which mountain system?

A. Andes
B. Alps
C. Karakoram
D. Himalayas

Answer: D. Himalayas

5. The Nepalese name of Everest is:

A. Chomolungma
B. Sagarmatha
C. Godwin Austen
D. Nanda Devi

Answer: B. Sagarmatha

6. The Tibetan name of Everest is:

A. Sagarmatha
B. Dhaulagiri
C. Chomolungma
D. Annapurna

Answer: C. Chomolungma

7. Mount Everest was known during survey work as:

A. Peak X
B. Peak XII
C. Peak XV
D. Peak XX

Answer: C. Peak XV

8. Mount Everest was named after:

A. Andrew Waugh
B. George Everest
C. John Hunt
D. Edmund Hillary

Answer: B. George Everest

9. Which Indian mathematician-surveyor is associated with calculations establishing Peak XV as the highest?

A. Radhanath Sikdar
B. C.V. Raman
C. Meghnad Saha
D. S.N. Bose

Answer: A. Radhanath Sikdar

10. The first confirmed successful ascent of Everest occurred in:

A. 1947
B. 1950
C. 1953
D. 1960

Answer: C. 1953

11. The first confirmed successful climbers were:

A. Hillary and John Hunt
B. Hillary and Tenzing
C. Tenzing and Junko Tabei
D. Mallory and Irvine

Answer: B. Hillary and Tenzing

12. Edmund Hillary belonged to:

A. Australia
B. Britain
C. New Zealand
D. Nepal

Answer: C. New Zealand

13. The successful 1953 expedition was led by:

A. John Hunt
B. George Everest
C. Andrew Waugh
D. Radhanath Sikdar

Answer: A. John Hunt

14. Everest was first successfully climbed on:

A. 29 May 1953
B. 15 August 1953
C. 29 May 1960
D. 1 January 1953

Answer: A. 29 May 1953

15. The first woman to climb Everest was:

A. Bachendri Pal
B. Junko Tabei
C. Santosh Yadav
D. Premlata Agarwal

Answer: B. Junko Tabei

16. Junko Tabei belonged to:

A. Nepal
B. India
C. Japan
D. China

Answer: C. Japan

17. The first Indian woman to climb Everest was:

A. Santosh Yadav
B. Bachendri Pal
C. Arunima Sinha
D. Premlata Agarwal

Answer: B. Bachendri Pal

18. Bachendri Pal climbed Everest in:

A. 1975
B. 1980
C. 1984
D. 1992

Answer: C. 1984

19. The first Indian to climb Everest was:

A. M.S. Kohli
B. Avtar Singh Cheema
C. Bachendri Pal
D. Tenzing Norgay

Answer: B. Avtar Singh Cheema

20. The world's second-highest mountain is:

A. Kangchenjunga
B. Lhotse
C. K2
D. Makalu

Answer: C. K2

21. The world's third-highest mountain is:

A. Kangchenjunga
B. Makalu
C. Lhotse
D. Nanga Parbat

Answer: A. Kangchenjunga

22. The region above approximately 8,000 m is commonly called:

A. Green Zone
B. Snow Zone
C. Death Zone
D. Alpine Line

Answer: C. Death Zone

23. Everest's south-side climbing approach is from:

A. India
B. Bhutan
C. Nepal
D. Pakistan

Answer: C. Nepal

24. Which mountain is associated with the point on Earth's surface farthest from Earth's centre?

A. Everest
B. Chimborazo
C. K2
D. Kilimanjaro

Answer: B. Chimborazo

25. Nepal and China jointly announced Everest's current official height in:

A. 2015
B. 2018
C. 2020
D. 2023

Answer: C. 2020