Electric Charge / विद्युत आवेश
Charge is a basic property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences electrical and magnetic effects.
Charge matter की basic property है जिसके कारण electrical और magnetic effects उत्पन्न होते हैं।
- Similar charges repel. / समान charges एक-दूसरे को repel करते हैं।
- Opposite charges attract. / Opposite charges एक-दूसरे को attract करते हैं।
- SI unit of charge → Coulomb / Charge की SI unit Coulomb है।
Conductors / चालक
Conductors allow electricity to pass through them. The source gives silver, iron, copper and earth as examples and identifies silver as the best conductor.
Conductors electricity को pass होने देते हैं। Silver, iron, copper तथा earth examples हैं। Source Silver को best conductor बताता है।
Insulators / कुचालक
Insulators do not allow electricity to flow through them.
Insulators electricity को अपने through flow नहीं होने देते।
Examples in source: wood, paper, mica, glass and ebonite.
Electric Current / विद्युत धारा
Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge.
Electric Charge के flow की rate को Electric Current कहते हैं।
Current = Charge / Time
Its unit is ampere and the source describes it as a scalar quantity.
Ohm's Law / ओम का नियम
At constant physical conditions, current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.
Constant physical conditions पर conductor में flowing current उसके across potential difference के directly proportional होता है।
I = V/R
Resistance / प्रतिरोध
- If a wire is stretched, its resistance changes but specific resistance remains unaffected according to the source.
- Resistance of a metal increases with temperature.
- Resistance of a semiconductor decreases as temperature increases.
- Resistance of electrolytes decreases with increasing temperature according to the source.
Conductivity / चालकता
The reciprocal of resistivity is called conductivity.
Resistivity के reciprocal को Conductivity कहा जाता है।
Heating Effect of Current / विद्युत धारा का ऊष्मीय प्रभाव
The source associates the heating effect of electric current with Joule's law of heating.
Electric current के heating effect को source Joule's Law of Heating से associate करता है।
Applications / उपयोग
- Electric bulb
- Electric kettle
- Electric heater
Ammeter / एमीटर
An ammeter measures electric current and is connected in series.
Ammeter electric current measure करता है और circuit में series में connected होता है।
Ideal ammeter resistance = 0.
Voltmeter / वोल्टमीटर
A voltmeter measures potential difference and is connected in parallel.
Voltmeter potential difference measure करता है तथा parallel में connected होता है।
Ideal voltmeter resistance = Infinite.
Fuse Wire / फ्यूज तार
The source describes fuse wire as a small conducting alloy wire of copper, tin and lead having a low melting point. It is used as a protective device in series.
Quick Revision / त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
- Charge → Coulomb
- Current → Ampere
- Ohm's Law → I = V/R
- Ammeter → Series
- Ideal Ammeter → Zero resistance
- Voltmeter → Parallel
- Ideal Voltmeter → Infinite resistance
- Best conductor in source → Silver