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Number Series Complete Concept संख्या श्रृंखला सम्पूर्ण अवधारणा

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Number Series Reasoning: Types, Patterns, Shortcuts, Solved Examples & Practice Questions

संख्या श्रृंखला रीजनिंग: प्रकार, पैटर्न, शॉर्टकट, हल किए गए उदाहरण एवं अभ्यास प्रश्न


ENGLISH SECTION

Introduction

Number Series is one of the most important topics in reasoning and quantitative aptitude for competitive examinations such as SSC, Railway, Banking, Defence and other government examinations.

In a number series, numbers are arranged according to a particular mathematical relationship or pattern.

The task is usually to:

  • find the next number,

  • find a missing number,

  • identify the wrong number,

  • complete the series,

  • determine the mathematical rule.

For example:

2, 4, 6, 8, ?

The numbers increase by 2.

Therefore:

8 + 2 = 10

Answer:

10

The real skill in number-series questions is not calculation alone. It is the ability to recognize the hidden pattern quickly.


What is a Number Series?

A number series is an ordered sequence of numbers constructed according to one or more mathematical rules.

For example:

5, 10, 15, 20, 25

Rule:

+5

Another example:

2, 6, 18, 54, 162

Rule:

×3

Thus, different number series can be based on completely different mathematical relationships.


Common Number-Series Patterns

The most frequently used patterns are:

  1. Addition

  2. Subtraction

  3. Multiplication

  4. Division

  5. Mixed multiplication and addition/subtraction

  6. Squares

  7. Cubes

  8. Prime numbers

  9. Odd and even numbers

  10. Increasing differences

  11. Decreasing differences

  12. Second differences

  13. Alternating series

  14. Fibonacci-type series

  15. Multiplication by increasing numbers

  16. Difference of squares or cubes

  17. Combination patterns

A strong student should check these systematically rather than guessing.


1. Addition Series

In an addition series, a fixed number is repeatedly added.

Example

4, 9, 14, 19, 24, ?

Differences:

+5, +5, +5, +5

Therefore:

24 + 5 = 29

Answer: 29


2. Subtraction Series

A fixed number may be repeatedly subtracted.

Example

50, 44, 38, 32, 26, ?

Pattern:

−6, −6, −6, −6

Therefore:

26 − 6 = 20

Answer: 20


3. Multiplication Series

Each number may be multiplied by a constant.

Example

3, 9, 27, 81, ?

Pattern:

×3

Therefore:

81 × 3 = 243

Answer: 243


4. Division Series

Each term may be obtained by dividing the previous term by a fixed number.

Example

320, 160, 80, 40, 20, ?

Pattern:

÷2

Therefore:

20 ÷ 2 = 10

Answer: 10


5. Mixed Multiplication and Addition

Many competitive-exam questions combine multiplication with addition or subtraction.

Example

2, 5, 11, 23, 47, ?

Observe:

2 × 2 + 1 = 5

5 × 2 + 1 = 11

11 × 2 + 1 = 23

23 × 2 + 1 = 47

Therefore:

47 × 2 + 1 = 95

Answer: 95


Mixed Multiplication and Subtraction

Example

100, 49, 23.5, 10.75, ?

Pattern:

÷2 − 1

100 ÷ 2 − 1 = 49

49 ÷ 2 − 1 = 23.5

23.5 ÷ 2 − 1 = 10.75

Next:

10.75 ÷ 2 − 1

= 5.375 − 1

= 4.375

The important lesson is to check combinations rather than assuming every series uses only one operation.


6. Square Number Series

Perfect squares are extremely common in examinations.

Remember:

1² = 1
2² = 4
3² = 9
4² = 16
5² = 25
6² = 36
7² = 49
8² = 64
9² = 81
10² = 100

Continue:

11² = 121
12² = 144
13² = 169
14² = 196
15² = 225
16² = 256
17² = 289
18² = 324
19² = 361
20² = 400

Students preparing for competitive examinations should ideally memorize squares at least up to 30.


Example: Square Series

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

These are:

1², 2², 3², 4², 5²

Next:

6² = 36

Answer: 36


Modified Square Series

Squares may appear with addition or subtraction.

Example

2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ?

Observe:

1² + 1 = 2

2² + 1 = 5

3² + 1 = 10

4² + 1 = 17

5² + 1 = 26

Next:

6² + 1 = 37

Answer: 37


7. Cube Number Series

Important cubes:

1³ = 1
2³ = 8
3³ = 27
4³ = 64
5³ = 125
6³ = 216
7³ = 343
8³ = 512
9³ = 729
10³ = 1000


Example: Cube Series

1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ?

Pattern:

1³, 2³, 3³, 4³, 5³

Next:

6³ = 216

Answer: 216


Modified Cube Series

Example

2, 9, 28, 65, 126, ?

Observe:

1³ + 1 = 2

2³ + 1 = 9

3³ + 1 = 28

4³ + 1 = 65

5³ + 1 = 126

Next:

6³ + 1

= 216 + 1

= 217

Answer: 217


8. Prime Number Series

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 having exactly two positive factors:

1 and itself

Important prime numbers are:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47...

Remember:

2 is the only even prime number.

Also:

1 is neither prime nor composite.


Example: Prime Series

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ?

The next prime number after 13 is:

17

Answer: 17


Prime Number Differences

Prime numbers may also be used as differences.

Example:

10, 12, 15, 20, 27, ?

Differences:

+2, +3, +5, +7

These are consecutive primes.

Next prime:

+11

Therefore:

27 + 11 = 38

Answer: 38


9. Odd Number Series

Odd numbers are:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13...

Example

7, 10, 15, 22, 31, ?

Differences:

+3, +5, +7, +9

Next difference:

+11

Therefore:

31 + 11 = 42

Answer: 42


10. Even Number Series

Even numbers are:

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12...

Example

5, 7, 11, 17, 25, ?

Differences:

+2, +4, +6, +8

Next:

+10

Therefore:

25 + 10 = 35

Answer: 35


11. Increasing Difference Series

This is one of the most important patterns.

Example

2, 5, 9, 14, 20, ?

Differences:

+3, +4, +5, +6

Next difference:

+7

Therefore:

20 + 7 = 27

Answer: 27


Increasing Differences by a Fixed Amount

Example

3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ?

Differences:

5, 7, 9, 11

The differences increase by 2.

Next difference:

13

Therefore:

35 + 13 = 48

Answer: 48


12. Decreasing Difference Series

Differences may decrease systematically.

Example

100, 90, 81, 73, 66, ?

Differences:

−10, −9, −8, −7

Next:

−6

Therefore:

66 − 6 = 60

Answer: 60


13. Second Difference Series

Sometimes the first differences do not show an obvious pattern.

In such cases, calculate the differences again.

Example

2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?

First differences:

4, 6, 8, 10

Second differences:

2, 2, 2

Therefore, the next first difference is:

12

Next term:

30 + 12 = 42

Answer: 42


Why Second Differences Matter

Consider:

3, 7, 13, 21, 31

First differences:

4, 6, 8, 10

The first differences themselves form a simple arithmetic series.

This is often a sign of a quadratic-type pattern.

Whenever ordinary differences look structured but not constant, check the second differences.


14. Alternating Series

A series may contain two independent patterns.

Example

2, 10, 4, 20, 6, 30, 8, ?

Separate alternate positions.

Odd-position terms:

2, 4, 6, 8

Even-position terms:

10, 20, 30, ?

Therefore:

? = 40

Answer: 40


Another Alternating Series

3, 5, 6, 10, 9, 15, 12, ?

Odd positions:

3, 6, 9, 12

Pattern:

+3

Even positions:

5, 10, 15, ?

Pattern:

+5

Therefore:

20

Answer: 20


Alternating Operations

Sometimes the operations themselves alternate.

Example

10, 20, 18, 36, 34, 68, ?

Pattern:

×2, −2, ×2, −2, ×2

Next operation:

−2

68 − 2 = 66

Answer: 66


15. Fibonacci-Type Series

In a Fibonacci-type series, each term is obtained using preceding terms.

Classic Fibonacci sequence:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21...

because:

0 + 1 = 1

1 + 1 = 2

1 + 2 = 3

2 + 3 = 5

3 + 5 = 8


Example

2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ?

Each term is the sum of the previous two.

13 + 21 = 34

Answer: 34


Modified Fibonacci Series

Example

1, 2, 4, 7, 12, 20, ?

Observe:

1 + 2 + 1 = 4

2 + 4 + 1 = 7

4 + 7 + 1 = 12

7 + 12 + 1 = 20

Therefore:

12 + 20 + 1 = 33

Answer: 33


16. Multiplication by Increasing Numbers

Example

2, 4, 12, 48, 240, ?

Pattern:

2 × 2 = 4

4 × 3 = 12

12 × 4 = 48

48 × 5 = 240

Next:

240 × 6 = 1440

Answer: 1440


Multiplication with Increasing Numbers Plus Addition

Example

1, 3, 10, 41, 206, ?

Observe:

1 × 2 + 1 = 3

3 × 3 + 1 = 10

10 × 4 + 1 = 41

41 × 5 + 1 = 206

Next:

206 × 6 + 1

= 1236 + 1

= 1237

Answer: 1237


17. Factorial-Based Series

Factorials occasionally appear in difficult number-series questions.

Factorial is represented by:

n!

Important values:

1! = 1

2! = 2

3! = 6

4! = 24

5! = 120

6! = 720

Example

1, 2, 6, 24, 120, ?

Pattern:

1!, 2!, 3!, 4!, 5!

Next:

6! = 720

Answer: 720


18. Powers of 2

An extremely common series is:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128...

Each term is multiplied by 2.

Equivalently:

2⁰, 2¹, 2², 2³, 2⁴...


Powers of 3

1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243...

Each term is multiplied by 3.

These patterns should be recognized immediately.


19. Square Differences

Example

5, 9, 18, 34, 59, ?

Differences:

4, 9, 16, 25

These are:

2², 3², 4², 5²

Next difference:

6² = 36

Therefore:

59 + 36 = 95

Answer: 95


20. Cube Differences

Example

1, 9, 36, 100, 225, ?

Differences:

8, 27, 64, 125

These are:

2³, 3³, 4³, 5³

Next difference:

6³ = 216

Therefore:

225 + 216 = 441

Answer: 441


21. Difference Followed by Multiplication Pattern

Some difficult questions require checking more than one level.

Example:

2, 6, 18, 54, ?

Directly:

×3

Answer:

162

But if the ratio is not constant, inspect whether multipliers themselves are changing.

Example:

2, 6, 24, 120, ?

Multipliers:

×3, ×4, ×5

Next:

×6

120 × 6 = 720


22. Difference of Consecutive Terms

When numbers grow moderately, subtraction is usually the first useful test.

Example:

12, 17, 24, 33, 44, ?

Differences:

5, 7, 9, 11

Next difference:

13

44 + 13 = 57

Answer: 57


23. Ratio Method

When numbers increase or decrease very rapidly, check ratios.

Example:

4, 12, 36, 108, ?

Ratios:

12/4 = 3

36/12 = 3

108/36 = 3

Therefore:

108 × 3 = 324

Answer: 324


When Should You Check Differences?

Check differences first when:

  • terms increase gradually,

  • numbers are relatively close,

  • the series appears additive.

Example:

11, 16, 23, 32, 43

Differences reveal:

5, 7, 9, 11


When Should You Check Ratios?

Check multiplication or division when:

  • numbers increase rapidly,

  • numbers approximately double/triple,

  • terms become very large quickly.

Example:

5, 15, 45, 135

Clearly:

×3


Missing Number in the Middle

Number-series questions do not always ask for the final term.

Example:

3, 8, ?, 24, 35

Differences should be:

+5, +7, +9, +11

Therefore:

8 + 7 = 15

Check:

15 + 9 = 24

Thus:

Answer: 15


Wrong Number Series

Sometimes one term violates the pattern.

Example:

2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 64

Expected pattern:

×2

Correct sequence:

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64

Therefore:

31 is the wrong number.


Another Wrong Number Example

1, 4, 9, 16, 24, 36

Expected:

1², 2², 3², 4², 5², 6²

Correct fifth term:

25

Therefore:

24 is the wrong number.


Difference Table Method

For difficult questions, create a difference table.

Example:

1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ?

First differences:

4, 7, 10, 13

Second differences:

3, 3, 3

Next first difference:

16

Therefore:

35 + 16 = 51

Answer: 51

This method is extremely useful for SSC and Railway reasoning questions.


Pattern Priority: What Should You Check First?

When you see a number series, follow this order:

Step 1: Look at the size of the numbers

Are they increasing slowly or rapidly?

Step 2: Check first differences

Subtract consecutive terms.

Step 3: Check second differences

If first differences themselves form a pattern.

Step 4: Check multiplication or division

Especially when numbers grow quickly.

Step 5: Check squares and cubes

Look for:

1, 4, 9, 16...

or:

1, 8, 27, 64...

Step 6: Check prime/odd/even differences

Step 7: Separate alternate terms

Check odd-position and even-position terms separately.

Step 8: Look for mixed operations

Such as:

×2 + 1

×3 − 2

÷2 + 5

Step 9: Check Fibonacci-type relationships

Try combining previous terms.

Step 10: Verify the rule across the entire series

Never choose a pattern merely because it fits one or two transitions.


The Most Important Rule: Verify the Entire Series

Consider:

2, 4, 8, 16, 32

Many patterns might be invented for the first few terms.

The simplest consistent pattern is:

×2

A good solution should explain all or nearly all transitions using one coherent rule.

In standard reasoning questions, prefer the simplest consistent intended pattern.


Useful Numbers to Memorize

Squares 1–20

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400

Cubes 1–10

1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000

Prime Numbers up to 50

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

Powers of 2

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

These values save significant time in examinations.


Common Mistakes

Mistake 1: Looking only at addition

Not every series is based on differences.

Check multiplication when terms grow rapidly.


Mistake 2: Ignoring alternate terms

A difficult-looking series may contain two very simple independent series.


Mistake 3: Stopping after first differences

If first differences do not form a simple pattern, calculate second differences.


Mistake 4: Forgetting squares and cubes

Numbers such as:

49, 64, 81, 100

should immediately suggest squares.

Numbers such as:

27, 64, 125, 216

should suggest cubes.


Mistake 5: Treating 1 as a prime number

1 is neither prime nor composite.

The smallest prime number is:

2


Mistake 6: Not checking the answer

After finding the suspected pattern, apply it to every available transition.


Mistake 7: Choosing an unnecessarily complicated pattern

A finite sequence can sometimes be fitted by many mathematical rules.

Competitive-examination questions generally expect a comparatively simple and consistent pattern.


Fast Number-Series Strategy

Use this mental checklist:

Difference → Second Difference → Ratio → Square/Cube → Prime/Odd/Even → Alternate Terms → Mixed Operations → Fibonacci

A useful short form is:

D → D² → R → S/C → P → A → M → F

where:

  • D = Difference

  • D² = Second Difference

  • R = Ratio

  • S/C = Square/Cube

  • P = Prime or parity pattern

  • A = Alternate

  • M = Mixed operation

  • F = Fibonacci-type


Competitive Examination Quick Facts

  • Addition series use repeated or patterned addition.

  • Subtraction series use repeated or patterned subtraction.

  • Rapidly increasing terms often suggest multiplication.

  • Rapidly decreasing terms may suggest division.

  • Perfect squares frequently appear directly or as differences.

  • Perfect cubes may appear directly or as differences.

  • Prime numbers may form terms or differences.

  • Alternating series should be split into odd and even positions.

  • Second differences are useful when first differences themselves change regularly.

  • Fibonacci-type series use previous terms to generate later terms.

  • Factorials produce rapid growth: 1, 2, 6, 24, 120...

  • Always verify the pattern using all available terms.


Quick Revision

Addition:
2, 5, 8, 11 → +3

Subtraction:
20, 16, 12, 8 → −4

Multiplication:
3, 9, 27, 81 → ×3

Division:
160, 80, 40, 20 → ÷2

Squares:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25

Cubes:
1, 8, 27, 64, 125

Primes:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13

Increasing differences:
2, 5, 9, 14, 20 → +3, +4, +5, +6

Alternate:
2, 10, 4, 20, 6, 30

Fibonacci:
2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21

Factorial:
1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720


हिन्दी अनुभाग

परिचय

संख्या श्रृंखला रीजनिंग तथा संख्यात्मक योग्यता का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण अध्याय है। SSC, Railway, Banking, Defence तथा अन्य प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में इससे नियमित रूप से प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।

संख्या श्रृंखला में संख्याओं को किसी निश्चित गणितीय संबंध अथवा पैटर्न के अनुसार व्यवस्थित किया जाता है।

प्रश्न में हमें सामान्यतः:

  • अगली संख्या,

  • लुप्त संख्या,

  • गलत संख्या,

  • श्रृंखला का नियम

ज्ञात करना होता है।

उदाहरण:

2, 4, 6, 8, ?

प्रत्येक बार 2 जोड़ा गया है।

अतः:

8 + 2 = 10

उत्तर:

10

संख्या श्रृंखला में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कौशल गणना नहीं, बल्कि पैटर्न को शीघ्र पहचानना है।


संख्या श्रृंखला क्या है?

किसी एक अथवा एक से अधिक गणितीय नियमों के आधार पर क्रमबद्ध की गई संख्याओं को संख्या श्रृंखला कहा जाता है।

उदाहरण:

5, 10, 15, 20, 25

नियम:

+5

दूसरा उदाहरण:

2, 6, 18, 54, 162

नियम:

×3

अतः अलग-अलग संख्या श्रृंखलाओं में अलग-अलग गणितीय संबंध हो सकते हैं।


संख्या श्रृंखला के प्रमुख प्रकार

  1. जोड़ आधारित श्रृंखला

  2. घटाव आधारित श्रृंखला

  3. गुणा आधारित श्रृंखला

  4. भाग आधारित श्रृंखला

  5. मिश्रित संक्रिया श्रृंखला

  6. वर्ग आधारित श्रृंखला

  7. घन आधारित श्रृंखला

  8. अभाज्य संख्या श्रृंखला

  9. विषम और सम संख्या आधारित श्रृंखला

  10. बढ़ते अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

  11. घटते अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

  12. द्वितीय अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

  13. वैकल्पिक श्रृंखला

  14. फिबोनाची प्रकार की श्रृंखला

  15. बढ़ते गुणकों वाली श्रृंखला

  16. वर्ग अथवा घन अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

  17. मिश्रित पैटर्न


1. जोड़ आधारित श्रृंखला

उदाहरण:

4, 9, 14, 19, 24, ?

अंतर:

+5, +5, +5, +5

अतः:

24 + 5 = 29

उत्तर: 29


2. घटाव आधारित श्रृंखला

50, 44, 38, 32, 26, ?

प्रत्येक बार:

−6

अतः:

26 − 6 = 20

उत्तर: 20


3. गुणा आधारित श्रृंखला

3, 9, 27, 81, ?

नियम:

×3

अतः:

81 × 3 = 243

उत्तर: 243


4. भाग आधारित श्रृंखला

320, 160, 80, 40, 20, ?

नियम:

÷2

अतः:

20 ÷ 2 = 10

उत्तर: 10


5. मिश्रित गुणा और जोड़

प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में गुणा के साथ जोड़ अथवा घटाव का प्रयोग बहुत सामान्य है।

उदाहरण:

2, 5, 11, 23, 47, ?

2 × 2 + 1 = 5

5 × 2 + 1 = 11

11 × 2 + 1 = 23

23 × 2 + 1 = 47

अतः:

47 × 2 + 1 = 95

उत्तर: 95


6. वर्ग आधारित श्रृंखला

महत्वपूर्ण वर्ग:

1² = 1
2² = 4
3² = 9
4² = 16
5² = 25
6² = 36
7² = 49
8² = 64
9² = 81
10² = 100

इसके आगे:

11² = 121
12² = 144
13² = 169
14² = 196
15² = 225
16² = 256
17² = 289
18² = 324
19² = 361
20² = 400


वर्ग श्रृंखला का उदाहरण

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

ये हैं:

1², 2², 3², 4², 5²

अगला:

6² = 36

उत्तर: 36


परिवर्तित वर्ग श्रृंखला

2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ?

1² + 1 = 2

2² + 1 = 5

3² + 1 = 10

4² + 1 = 17

5² + 1 = 26

अगला:

6² + 1 = 37

उत्तर: 37


7. घन आधारित श्रृंखला

महत्वपूर्ण घन:

1³ = 1
2³ = 8
3³ = 27
4³ = 64
5³ = 125
6³ = 216
7³ = 343
8³ = 512
9³ = 729
10³ = 1000


उदाहरण

1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ?

ये हैं:

1³, 2³, 3³, 4³, 5³

अगला:

6³ = 216

उत्तर: 216


परिवर्तित घन श्रृंखला

2, 9, 28, 65, 126, ?

1³ + 1 = 2

2³ + 1 = 9

3³ + 1 = 28

4³ + 1 = 65

5³ + 1 = 126

अगला:

6³ + 1

= 216 + 1

= 217

उत्तर: 217


8. अभाज्य संख्या श्रृंखला

ऐसी प्राकृतिक संख्या जो 1 से बड़ी हो और जिसके केवल दो धनात्मक गुणनखंड हों:

1 और स्वयं वह संख्या

उसे अभाज्य संख्या कहते हैं।

महत्वपूर्ण अभाज्य संख्याएँ:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47...

याद रखें:

2 एकमात्र सम अभाज्य संख्या है।

और:

1 न तो अभाज्य है और न ही भाज्य।


अभाज्य श्रृंखला का उदाहरण

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ?

13 के बाद अगली अभाज्य संख्या:

17

उत्तर: 17


अभाज्य संख्याओं का अंतर के रूप में प्रयोग

10, 12, 15, 20, 27, ?

अंतर:

+2, +3, +5, +7

ये क्रमिक अभाज्य संख्याएँ हैं।

अगली अभाज्य संख्या:

+11

अतः:

27 + 11 = 38

उत्तर: 38


9. विषम संख्या आधारित अंतर

7, 10, 15, 22, 31, ?

अंतर:

+3, +5, +7, +9

अगला अंतर:

+11

31 + 11 = 42

उत्तर: 42


10. सम संख्या आधारित अंतर

5, 7, 11, 17, 25, ?

अंतर:

+2, +4, +6, +8

अगला:

+10

25 + 10 = 35

उत्तर: 35


11. बढ़ते अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

2, 5, 9, 14, 20, ?

अंतर:

+3, +4, +5, +6

अगला:

+7

20 + 7 = 27

उत्तर: 27


निश्चित दर से बढ़ता अंतर

3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ?

अंतर:

5, 7, 9, 11

अंतर प्रत्येक बार 2 बढ़ रहा है।

अगला अंतर:

13

35 + 13 = 48

उत्तर: 48


12. घटते अंतर वाली श्रृंखला

100, 90, 81, 73, 66, ?

अंतर:

−10, −9, −8, −7

अगला:

−6

66 − 6 = 60

उत्तर: 60


13. द्वितीय अंतर

यदि प्रथम अंतर से पैटर्न स्पष्ट न हो, तो अंतर का भी अंतर निकालें।

उदाहरण:

2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?

प्रथम अंतर:

4, 6, 8, 10

द्वितीय अंतर:

2, 2, 2

अगला प्रथम अंतर:

12

अतः:

30 + 12 = 42

उत्तर: 42


14. वैकल्पिक श्रृंखला

कई बार एक ही श्रृंखला में दो स्वतंत्र पैटर्न होते हैं।

उदाहरण:

2, 10, 4, 20, 6, 30, 8, ?

विषम स्थान:

2, 4, 6, 8

सम स्थान:

10, 20, 30, ?

अतः:

40

उत्तर: 40


दूसरा उदाहरण

3, 5, 6, 10, 9, 15, 12, ?

विषम स्थान:

3, 6, 9, 12

अंतर:

+3

सम स्थान:

5, 10, 15, ?

अंतर:

+5

अतः:

20

उत्तर: 20


वैकल्पिक संक्रियाएँ

10, 20, 18, 36, 34, 68, ?

नियम:

×2, −2, ×2, −2, ×2

अगली संक्रिया:

−2

68 − 2 = 66

उत्तर: 66


15. फिबोनाची प्रकार की श्रृंखला

प्रसिद्ध फिबोनाची श्रृंखला:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21...

इसमें प्रत्येक अगला पद पिछले दो पदों के योग से प्राप्त होता है।

उदाहरण:

2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ?

13 + 21 = 34

उत्तर: 34


परिवर्तित फिबोनाची श्रृंखला

1, 2, 4, 7, 12, 20, ?

1 + 2 + 1 = 4

2 + 4 + 1 = 7

4 + 7 + 1 = 12

7 + 12 + 1 = 20

अतः:

12 + 20 + 1 = 33

उत्तर: 33


16. बढ़ते गुणकों वाली श्रृंखला

2, 4, 12, 48, 240, ?

2 × 2 = 4

4 × 3 = 12

12 × 4 = 48

48 × 5 = 240

अगला:

240 × 6 = 1440

उत्तर: 1440


बढ़ते गुणक के साथ जोड़

1, 3, 10, 41, 206, ?

1 × 2 + 1 = 3

3 × 3 + 1 = 10

10 × 4 + 1 = 41

41 × 5 + 1 = 206

अगला:

206 × 6 + 1

= 1237

उत्तर: 1237


17. फैक्टोरियल आधारित श्रृंखला

महत्वपूर्ण फैक्टोरियल:

1! = 1

2! = 2

3! = 6

4! = 24

5! = 120

6! = 720

उदाहरण:

1, 2, 6, 24, 120, ?

अगला:

6! = 720

उत्तर: 720


18. 2 की घात

बहुत महत्वपूर्ण श्रृंखला:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128...

प्रत्येक पद पिछले पद का दोगुना है।

इसे इस प्रकार भी लिखा जा सकता है:

2⁰, 2¹, 2², 2³, 2⁴...


19. वर्गों का अंतर

5, 9, 18, 34, 59, ?

अंतर:

4, 9, 16, 25

अर्थात:

2², 3², 4², 5²

अगला अंतर:

6² = 36

अतः:

59 + 36 = 95

उत्तर: 95


20. घनों का अंतर

1, 9, 36, 100, 225, ?

अंतर:

8, 27, 64, 125

अर्थात:

2³, 3³, 4³, 5³

अगला:

6³ = 216

अतः:

225 + 216 = 441

उत्तर: 441


अनुपात विधि

यदि संख्याएँ बहुत तेजी से बढ़ रही हों, तो लगातार पदों का अनुपात जाँचें।

उदाहरण:

4, 12, 36, 108, ?

12 ÷ 4 = 3

36 ÷ 12 = 3

108 ÷ 36 = 3

अतः:

108 × 3 = 324

उत्तर: 324


मध्य में लुप्त संख्या

3, 8, ?, 24, 35

संभावित अंतर:

+5, +7, +9, +11

अतः:

8 + 7 = 15

जाँच:

15 + 9 = 24

अतः:

उत्तर: 15


गलत संख्या ज्ञात करना

2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 64

नियम होना चाहिए:

×2

सही श्रृंखला:

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64

इसलिए:

31 गलत संख्या है।


दूसरा उदाहरण

1, 4, 9, 16, 24, 36

यह वर्ग श्रृंखला होनी चाहिए:

1², 2², 3², 4², 5², 6²

अतः पाँचवाँ पद:

25

होना चाहिए।

इसलिए:

24 गलत संख्या है।


अंतर तालिका विधि

कठिन प्रश्न:

1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ?

प्रथम अंतर:

4, 7, 10, 13

द्वितीय अंतर:

3, 3, 3

अगला प्रथम अंतर:

16

अतः:

35 + 16 = 51

उत्तर: 51


संख्या श्रृंखला हल करने का सही क्रम

चरण 1: संख्याओं का आकार देखें

क्या वे धीरे-धीरे बढ़ रही हैं या बहुत तेजी से?

चरण 2: प्रथम अंतर निकालें

लगातार पदों को घटाएँ।

चरण 3: द्वितीय अंतर देखें

यदि प्रथम अंतर स्वयं किसी नियम का पालन करते हैं।

चरण 4: गुणा अथवा भाग देखें

विशेष रूप से जब संख्याएँ तेजी से बढ़ती या घटती हों।

चरण 5: वर्ग और घन जाँचें

जैसे:

1, 4, 9, 16...

या:

1, 8, 27, 64...

चरण 6: अभाज्य, विषम और सम संख्या पैटर्न देखें

चरण 7: वैकल्पिक पद अलग करें

विषम और सम स्थानों को अलग-अलग जाँचें।

चरण 8: मिश्रित संक्रिया देखें

जैसे:

×2 + 1

×3 − 2

÷2 + 5

चरण 9: फिबोनाची प्रकार जाँचें

पिछले दो अथवा अधिक पदों के संबंध को देखें।

चरण 10: पूरे पैटर्न की पुष्टि करें

नियम सभी उपलब्ध पदों पर लागू होना चाहिए।


महत्वपूर्ण संख्याएँ जिन्हें याद रखना चाहिए

1 से 20 तक वर्ग

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400

1 से 10 तक घन

1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000

50 तक अभाज्य संख्याएँ

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

2 की घातें

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

इन संख्याओं को याद रखने से परीक्षा में काफी समय बचता है।


सामान्य गलतियाँ

गलती 1: केवल जोड़-घटाव देखना

यदि संख्याएँ तेजी से बढ़ रही हों, तो गुणा और भाग भी जाँचें।

गलती 2: वैकल्पिक श्रृंखला को न पहचानना

विषम और सम स्थानों के पदों को अलग-अलग जाँचें।

गलती 3: केवल प्रथम अंतर तक रुक जाना

यदि प्रथम अंतर स्पष्ट न हों, तो द्वितीय अंतर निकालें।

गलती 4: वर्ग और घन न पहचानना

49, 64, 81, 100 जैसी संख्याएँ वर्ग की ओर संकेत करती हैं।

27, 64, 125, 216 जैसी संख्याएँ घन की ओर संकेत करती हैं।

गलती 5: 1 को अभाज्य मानना

1 न तो अभाज्य है और न भाज्य।

सबसे छोटी अभाज्य संख्या:

2

है।

गलती 6: नियम की जाँच न करना

प्राप्त नियम को पूरी श्रृंखला पर लागू करके अवश्य जाँचें।


तेज शॉर्टकट

इस क्रम को याद रखें:

अंतर → द्वितीय अंतर → अनुपात → वर्ग/घन → अभाज्य/विषम/सम → वैकल्पिक → मिश्रित संक्रिया → फिबोनाची

इससे अधिकांश मानक संख्या-श्रृंखला प्रश्न व्यवस्थित रूप से हल किए जा सकते हैं।


प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं के लिए महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य

  • जोड़ आधारित श्रृंखला में नियत अथवा क्रमिक जोड़ हो सकता है।

  • घटाव आधारित श्रृंखला में नियत अथवा क्रमिक घटाव हो सकता है।

  • तेजी से बढ़ती संख्या में गुणा जाँचना चाहिए।

  • तेजी से घटती संख्या में भाग जाँचना चाहिए।

  • वर्ग सीधे पदों अथवा अंतर के रूप में आ सकते हैं।

  • घन भी सीधे पदों अथवा अंतर के रूप में आ सकते हैं।

  • अभाज्य संख्याएँ पद या अंतर दोनों बन सकती हैं।

  • वैकल्पिक श्रृंखला में विषम और सम स्थानों को अलग करें।

  • प्रथम अंतर में पैटर्न न मिलने पर द्वितीय अंतर देखें।

  • फिबोनाची प्रकार में पिछले पदों से अगला पद बनता है।

  • फैक्टोरियल श्रृंखला बहुत तेजी से बढ़ती है।

  • अंतिम उत्तर से पहले पूरे नियम की पुष्टि करें।


त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

जोड़:
2, 5, 8, 11 → +3

घटाव:
20, 16, 12, 8 → −4

गुणा:
3, 9, 27, 81 → ×3

भाग:
160, 80, 40, 20 → ÷2

वर्ग:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25

घन:
1, 8, 27, 64, 125

अभाज्य:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13

बढ़ता अंतर:
2, 5, 9, 14, 20

वैकल्पिक:
2, 10, 4, 20, 6, 30

फिबोनाची:
2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21

फैक्टोरियल:
1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720


Practice Questions | अभ्यास प्रश्न

Q1. Find the next number: 5, 10, 15, 20, ?
A. 22
B. 24
C. 25
D. 30

Correct Answer: C


Q2. Find the next number: 81, 27, 9, 3, ?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6

Correct Answer: B


Q3. Find the next number: 2, 6, 18, 54, ?
A. 108
B. 124
C. 162
D. 216

Correct Answer: C


Q4. Find the missing number: 1, 4, 9, 16, ?, 36
A. 20
B. 24
C. 25
D. 30

Correct Answer: C


Q5. Find the next number: 1, 8, 27, 64, ?
A. 100
B. 121
C. 125
D. 144

Correct Answer: C


Q6. Find the next number: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ?
A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15

Correct Answer: B


Q7. Find the next number: 3, 7, 13, 21, 31, ?
A. 41
B. 42
C. 43
D. 44

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Differences are 4, 6, 8, 10; next difference = 12. Therefore 31 + 12 = 43.


Q8. Find the next number: 10, 20, 18, 36, 34, 68, ?
A. 64
B. 66
C. 70
D. 72

Correct Answer: B


Q9. Find the next number: 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ?
A. 29
B. 32
C. 34
D. 36

Correct Answer: C


Q10. Find the next number: 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, ?
A. 720
B. 960
C. 1200
D. 1440

Correct Answer: D


Q11. Find the next number: 5, 9, 18, 34, 59, ?
A. 85
B. 90
C. 95
D. 100

Correct Answer: C


Q12. Find the wrong number: 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 64
A. 8
B. 16
C. 31
D. 64

Correct Answer: C


Q13. Find the next number: 100, 90, 81, 73, 66, ?
A. 58
B. 59
C. 60
D. 61

Correct Answer: C


Q14. Find the next number: 2, 10, 4, 20, 6, 30, 8, ?
A. 35
B. 40
C. 45
D. 50

Correct Answer: B


Q15. Find the next number: 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, ?
A. 240
B. 360
C. 600
D. 720

Correct Answer: D


Q16. Find the missing number: 3, 8, ?, 24, 35
A. 13
B. 14
C. 15
D. 16

Correct Answer: C


Q17. Find the next number: 10, 12, 15, 20, 27, ?
A. 34
B. 36
C. 38
D. 40

Correct Answer: C


Q18. Find the next number: 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ?
A. 48
B. 49
C. 50
D. 51

Correct Answer: D


Q19. Find the next number: 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, ?
A. 93
B. 94
C. 95
D. 96

Correct Answer: C


Q20. Which of the following is NOT a prime number?
A. 2
B. 17
C. 29
D. 39

Correct Answer: D


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