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With reference to Harappan architecture, which of the following statements is/are correct?

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With reference to Harappan architecture, which of the following statements is/are correct?

हड़प्पा वास्तुकला के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:

  1. Streets and roads were straight and cut each other at right angles.
    सड़कें सीधी थीं और एक-दूसरे को समकोण (Right Angle) पर काटती थीं।
  2. Street drains were covered by stone slabs.
    सड़क की नालियाँ पत्थर की पट्टियों (Stone Slabs) से ढकी होती थीं।

Options / विकल्प

A. Only I (केवल I)

B. Only II (केवल II)

C. Both I and II (I और II दोनों)

D. Neither I nor II (न तो I, न ही II)


Correct Answer / सही उत्तर

✅ C. Both I and II (I और II दोनों)


Detailed Explanation / विस्तृत व्याख्या

Hindi

हड़प्पा सभ्यता (Indus Valley Civilization) अपनी उन्नत नगर योजना (Urban Planning) के लिए विश्व प्रसिद्ध है।

कथन 1 सही है

  • हड़प्पा नगरों में Grid Pattern का प्रयोग किया गया था।
  • सड़कें उत्तर-दक्षिण तथा पूर्व-पश्चिम दिशा में सीधी बनाई जाती थीं।
  • वे एक-दूसरे को समकोण (90°) पर काटती थीं।
  • इससे नगर आयताकार ब्लॉकों (Rectangular Blocks) में विभाजित हो जाते थे।

कथन 2 भी सही है

  • हड़प्पा सभ्यता की जल निकासी व्यवस्था (Drainage System) अत्यंत विकसित थी।
  • मुख्य सड़कों के किनारे बनी नालियाँ पक्की ईंटों से निर्मित थीं।
  • इन नालियों को पत्थर की पट्टियों या पकी ईंटों से ढका जाता था।
  • सफाई के लिए इन्हें आवश्यकता पड़ने पर हटाया जा सकता था।

अतः दोनों कथन सही हैं।


English

The Harappan Civilization is famous for its highly advanced urban planning and drainage system.

Statement 1 is Correct

  • Harappan cities followed a grid pattern.
  • Streets were laid out in straight lines.
  • They intersected each other at right angles (90°).
  • This divided the city into rectangular blocks.

Statement 2 is Correct

  • The Harappans developed one of the world's earliest and most efficient drainage systems.
  • Drains along streets were constructed with baked bricks.
  • These drains were covered with stone slabs or brick covers.
  • The covers could be removed for cleaning and maintenance.

Therefore, both statements are correct.


Important Facts for Exams / परीक्षा हेतु महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य

FeatureHarappan Civilization
City PlanningGrid Pattern
RoadsStraight, Right-Angle Intersections
DrainageCovered Underground Drains
Building MaterialStandardized Burnt Bricks
Famous StructureGreat Bath, Mohenjo-daro
Major SitesHarappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, Kalibangan, Lothal

Previous Year Exam Point / परीक्षा बिंदु

Grid-pattern roads and covered drainage systems are the two most important architectural features of the Harappan Civilization.

ग्रिड-पैटर्न सड़कें और ढकी हुई नालियाँ हड़प्पा सभ्यता की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण स्थापत्य विशेषताएँ मानी जाती हैं।


One-Liner / एक पंक्ति में

Harappan cities had grid-pattern streets intersecting at right angles and covered drainage systems.

हड़प्पा नगरों में समकोण पर कटने वाली ग्रिड-पैटर्न सड़कें तथा ढकी हुई नालियों की व्यवस्था थी।

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