Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha practice question for Railways, SSC, UPSC. Select an option to check your answer, read the explanation and continue practicing.
Which of the following Mahajanapadas is most strongly associated with a gana-sangha political system rather than a conventional monarchy?
Correct Answerसही उत्तर
A. MallaA. मल्ल
Explanationव्याख्या
Malla is commonly classified as a gana-sangha rather than a centralized hereditary monarchy.
The Mallas had important centres at Kusinara and Pava.
Buddhist tradition gives them particular significance because Gautama Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana at Kusinara, and the Mallas participated in the distribution of his relics.
Gana-sanghas were political formations in which power was exercised collectively by a body of leading clan members.
The term 'republic' is often used in textbooks, but it can be misleading if it suggests universal modern democratic participation.
These systems were generally oligarchic and based on elite lineages.
Vajji was another major gana-sangha formation.
Magadha, Avanti and Vatsa, in contrast, were important monarchies during the Mahajanapada age.
मल्ल को सामान्यतः केंद्रीकृत वंशानुगत राजतंत्र के बजाय गण-संघ राजनीतिक व्यवस्था वाला महाजनपद माना जाता है। मल्लों के प्रमुख केंद्र कुशीनारा और पावा थे। बौद्ध परंपरा में उनका विशेष महत्व है क्योंकि गौतम बुद्ध ने कुशीनारा में महापरिनिर्वाण प्राप्त किया और बुद्ध के अवशेषों के वितरण में मल्लों ने भी भाग लिया। गण-संघ में राजनीतिक शक्ति प्रमुख कुलों के सदस्यों के समूह द्वारा सामूहिक रूप से प्रयोग की जाती थी। पाठ्यपुस्तकों में इन्हें कभी-कभी 'गणराज्य' कहा जाता है, लेकिन इन्हें आधुनिक सार्वभौमिक लोकतंत्र के समान नहीं समझना चाहिए। इनमें सत्ता सामान्यतः सीमित कुलीन समूहों के हाथ में होती थी। वज्जि भी प्रमुख गण-संघ था। इसके विपरीत मगध, अवंति और वत्स महत्वपूर्ण राजतंत्र थे।
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