Howrah Bridge (Rabindra Setu): History, Engineering & Important Facts

हावड़ा ब्रिज (रवीन्द्र सेतु): इतिहास, अभियांत्रिकी एवं महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य

ENGLISH SECTION

Introduction

The Howrah Bridge, officially known as:

Rabindra Setu

is one of the most recognisable landmarks of:

Kolkata and West Bengal

It crosses the:

Hooghly River

and provides a vital connection between:

Kolkata and Howrah

The present bridge was opened to traffic in:

1943

and was renamed:

Rabindra Setu

on:

14 June 1965

in honour of:

Rabindranath Tagore

the first Asian Nobel laureate.

The bridge is an outstanding example of:

Balanced Cantilever Engineering

and remains an important symbol of Kolkata.

Quick Facts

West Bengal government records describe the bridge as approximately 1,528 feet long and 62 feet wide, constructed with about 26,500 tonnes of steel.

Where Is Howrah Bridge Located?

Howrah Bridge is located in:

West Bengal

It crosses the:

Hooghly River

between:

Kolkata and Howrah

This makes it one of the most important transport connections between the two cities.

Exam Formula

Howrah Bridge → Hooghly → Kolkata–Howrah

Hooghly River

The Howrah Bridge crosses the:

Hooghly River

The Hooghly is an important distributary/channel of the:

Ganga river system

It is closely associated with the historical development of Kolkata and its port.

Exam Trap

Howrah Bridge is not built over:

• Damodar

• Teesta

• Brahmaputra

• Mahanadi

Correct answer:

Hooghly River

When Was Howrah Bridge Opened?

The present Howrah Bridge was commissioned/opened to traffic in:

1943

This was during:

World War II

A useful exam combination is therefore:

Howrah Bridge → 1943

The Earlier Pontoon Bridge

An important historical fact is that the present steel Howrah Bridge was not the first bridge at this location.

Before it, Kolkata and Howrah were connected by an older:

Pontoon Bridge

The earlier bridge opened in:

1874

The increasing traffic requirements of Kolkata and Howrah eventually created the need for a much larger permanent bridge.

The present cantilever bridge replaced this older pontoon crossing.

Why Was a New Bridge Needed?

By the early 20th century:

• Kolkata was expanding,

• Howrah was a major railway gateway,

• port activity was increasing,

• road traffic was growing,

• the old pontoon bridge was increasingly inadequate.

A modern bridge capable of carrying heavy traffic was therefore required.

Type of Bridge

Howrah Bridge is technically a:

Balanced Cantilever Bridge

This is more precise than simply writing:

Cantilever Bridge

A cantilever bridge uses projecting structural arms that are supported principally at one end.

The Howrah Bridge became a celebrated example of this engineering system.

What Is a Cantilever?

Imagine a beam:

• firmly supported at one end,

• extending outward,

• carrying load over the unsupported portion.

Such a projecting structural member is called a:

Cantilever

In large bridges, cantilever arms from supporting structures can extend toward each other and support the central portion.

Why Was Cantilever Design Useful?

The Hooghly is a major navigable river.

Bridge construction therefore had to take account of:

• river traffic,

• navigation,

• tidal conditions,

• heavy currents,

• large traffic loads.

The cantilever arrangement helped create a large central crossing without a dense series of supports obstructing the navigation channel.

Length of Howrah Bridge

The bridge is approximately:

1,528 feet

or roughly:

466 metres

long.

Its width is approximately:

62 feet

or roughly:

19 metres.

No Nuts and Bolts?

One of the most popular facts about Howrah Bridge is:

Its main structure was assembled without nuts and bolts.

Instead, the steel structure was joined using:

Rivets

West Bengal government documentation specifically notes that the bridge was formed by riveting the structure rather than using nuts and bolts.

Exam Formula

Howrah Bridge → Rivets → No nuts & bolts

What Is Riveting?

A:

Rivet

is a permanent mechanical fastener.

During riveting:

1. A rivet is inserted through aligned holes in metal components.

2. Its end is deformed.

3. This creates a permanent joint.

Before modern high-strength bolting and advanced welding became widespread, riveting was extensively used in:

• bridges,

• ships,

• railway structures,

• steel buildings.

Steel Used in Howrah Bridge

Approximately:

26,500 tonnes of steel

were used in the bridge.

Of this, about:

23,000 tonnes

were high-tensile alloy steel known as:

Tiscrom

supplied by:

Tata Iron and Steel Company

according to West Bengal government historical records.

Tata Steel Connection

This creates another useful GK connection:

Howrah Bridge → Tiscrom Steel → Tata

The extensive use of Indian-produced high-tensile steel was an important engineering feature of the project.

Rabindra Setu

The bridge continued to be popularly called:

Howrah Bridge

after its construction.

On:

14 June 1965

it was officially renamed:

Rabindra Setu

in honour of:

Rabindranath Tagore.

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was:

• a poet,

• writer,

• philosopher,

• composer,

• artist.

He received the:

Nobel Prize in Literature – 1913

and became the:

First Asian Nobel Laureate

The bridge's official name commemorates him.

Exam Pair

Howrah Bridge → Rabindra Setu → Rabindranath Tagore

Howrah Railway Station

The western end of the bridge is closely associated with:

Howrah

which contains one of India's most important railway terminals:

Howrah Railway Station

This explains the bridge's enormous transport significance.

Kolkata Side

On the Kolkata side, the bridge reaches the historic commercial area near:

Burrabazar

and the Hooghly riverfront.

This connection makes it an important route between the railway hub at Howrah and central Kolkata.

An Icon of Kolkata

Howrah Bridge has become a visual symbol of:

Kolkata

It frequently appears in:

• films,

• photographs,

• paintings,

• literature,

• tourism material,

• documentaries.

Its cultural significance extends far beyond its engineering function.

Traffic Importance

The bridge carries enormous flows of:

• vehicles,

• buses,

• pedestrians,

• commercial traffic.

West Bengal government material describes it as one of the world's busiest cantilever bridges.

For exams, however, avoid memorising a fixed daily traffic figure unless the question provides a year, because traffic volumes can change over time.

Maintenance

Today the bridge is maintained by:

Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata

Government notices continue to refer to the structure officially as:

Rabindra Setu (Howrah Bridge)

including notices concerning structural health checks.

Four Famous Hooghly Crossings

Students should distinguish Howrah Bridge from other important bridges across the Hooghly.

1. Rabindra Setu

→ Howrah Bridge

2. Vidyasagar Setu

→ Second Hooghly Bridge

3. Vivekananda Setu

→ Historic bridge farther north

4. Nivedita Setu

→ Newer crossing near Vivekananda Setu

Howrah Bridge vs Vidyasagar Setu

This is a very important examination comparison.

West Bengal's Transport Department states that Vidyasagar Setu, the Second Hooghly Bridge, opened to traffic in October 1992.

Cantilever vs Cable-Stayed Bridge

Cantilever Bridge

The load is carried substantially through projecting structural arms.

Example:

Howrah Bridge

Cable-Stayed Bridge

The bridge deck is directly supported by cables extending from towers.

Example:

Vidyasagar Setu

Exam Trick

Howrah → Cantilever

Vidyasagar → Cable-Stayed

Howrah Bridge vs Bandra-Worli Sea Link

Historical Importance

Howrah Bridge represents an important phase in the development of:

• modern Kolkata,

• Howrah,

• port infrastructure,

• railway connectivity,

• steel engineering,

• urban transportation.

It is therefore important not only for engineering GK but also for:

Modern Indian History + Geography + Transport + West Bengal GK

Common Exam Traps

Trap 1

Howrah Bridge is built over the Ganga at Patna.

❌ Incorrect.

Hooghly River → Kolkata–Howrah

Trap 2

The official name of Howrah Bridge is Vidyasagar Setu.

❌ Incorrect.

Howrah Bridge → Rabindra Setu

Second Hooghly Bridge → Vidyasagar Setu

Trap 3

Howrah Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge.

❌ Incorrect.

Balanced Cantilever Bridge

Vidyasagar Setu is:

Cable-Stayed

Trap 4

Howrah Bridge opened in 1965.

❌ Incorrect.

The bridge opened in:

1943

It was renamed Rabindra Setu in:

1965

Trap 5

Howrah Bridge was named Rabindra Setu when it opened in 1943.

❌ Incorrect.

1943 → Bridge opened

1965 → Renamed Rabindra Setu

Trap 6

The bridge was named after Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

❌ Incorrect.

Rabindra Setu:

Rabindranath Tagore

Vidyasagar Setu:

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Trap 7

Its steel structure is famous for extensive nuts-and-bolts assembly.

❌ Incorrect.

Riveted structure

Trap 8

The present Howrah Bridge was the first bridge at the site.

❌ Incorrect.

An earlier:

Pontoon Bridge

was in operation before the present bridge.

Memory Trick

H – H – 43 – C – R – 65

H → Howrah Bridge
H → Hooghly River
43 → Opened in 1943
C → Cantilever
R → Rabindra Setu
65 → Renamed in 1965

And:

Rivet, not Bolt

One-Line Revision

Howrah Bridge is a balanced cantilever steel bridge over the Hooghly River connecting Kolkata and Howrah; the present bridge opened in 1943 and was renamed Rabindra Setu in 1965 in honour of Rabindranath Tagore.

Quick Revision

HOWRAH BRIDGE

→ Official name: Rabindra Setu

→ West Bengal

→ Connects Kolkata + Howrah

→ River: Hooghly

→ Present bridge opened: 1943

→ Renamed: 14 June 1965

→ Named after: Rabindranath Tagore

→ Type: Balanced Cantilever

→ Length: approximately 1,528 ft / 466 m

→ Width: approximately 62 ft / 19 m

→ Steel: approximately 26,500 tonnes

→ High-tensile Tiscrom steel: approximately 23,000 tonnes

→ Tata connection

→ Main structure: Riveted

→ No nuts and bolts in main structural assembly

→ Earlier crossing: Pontoon Bridge

→ Maintained by: Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata

→ Second Hooghly Bridge: Vidyasagar Setu

हिन्दी अनुभाग

परिचय

हावड़ा ब्रिज भारत के सबसे प्रसिद्ध पुलों में से एक है।

इसका आधिकारिक नाम है:

रवीन्द्र सेतु

यह:

हुगली नदी

पर बना हुआ है और:

कोलकाता तथा हावड़ा

को जोड़ता है।

वर्तमान हावड़ा ब्रिज को:

1943

में यातायात के लिए खोला गया था।

बाद में:

14 जून 1965

को इसका नाम महान कवि:

रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

के सम्मान में:

रवीन्द्र सेतु

रखा गया।

मुख्य तथ्य

हावड़ा ब्रिज कहाँ है?

हावड़ा ब्रिज:

पश्चिम बंगाल

में स्थित है।

यह:

हुगली नदी

को पार करके:

कोलकाता और हावड़ा

को जोड़ता है।

परीक्षा सूत्र

हावड़ा ब्रिज → हुगली → कोलकाता–हावड़ा

हुगली नदी

हावड़ा ब्रिज:

हुगली नदी

पर बना है।

हुगली:

गंगा नदी प्रणाली

से संबंधित एक महत्वपूर्ण नदी धारा है।

कोलकाता के:

• इतिहास,

• व्यापार,

• बंदरगाह,

• परिवहन,

• शहरी विकास

में इसका बहुत बड़ा महत्व है।

वर्तमान पुल कब खुला?

वर्तमान हावड़ा ब्रिज:

1943

में खोला गया।

यह समय था:

द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध

का।

याद रखें

1943 → Howrah Bridge Opened

पुराना पॉन्टून पुल

वर्तमान हावड़ा ब्रिज से पहले यहाँ एक:

पॉन्टून ब्रिज

था।

पुराना पुल:

1874

में यातायात के लिए खोला गया था।

समय के साथ:

• जनसंख्या बढ़ी,

• रेलवे यातायात बढ़ा,

• बंदरगाह गतिविधियाँ बढ़ीं,

• वाहनों की संख्या बढ़ी।

इसलिए एक बड़े आधुनिक पुल की आवश्यकता हुई।

पुल का प्रकार

हावड़ा ब्रिज एक:

Balanced Cantilever Bridge

अर्थात:

संतुलित कैंटिलीवर पुल

है।

यह सामान्य “cantilever bridge” से अधिक सटीक परीक्षा उत्तर है।

कैंटिलीवर क्या है?

किसी संरचनात्मक बीम का एक सिरा मजबूती से जुड़ा हो और दूसरा भाग बाहर की ओर निकला हो तो उसे:

Cantilever

कहा जाता है।

विशाल पुलों में ऐसी संरचनाओं का उपयोग लंबी दूरी को पार करने के लिए किया जा सकता है।

लंबाई

हावड़ा ब्रिज की लंबाई लगभग:

1,528 फीट

अर्थात लगभग:

466 मीटर

है।

इसकी चौड़ाई लगभग:

62 फीट

अर्थात लगभग:

19 मीटर

है।

Nuts और Bolts क्यों प्रसिद्ध तथ्य हैं?

हावड़ा ब्रिज के बारे में सबसे प्रसिद्ध तकनीकी तथ्यों में से एक है:

मुख्य संरचना में nuts और bolts का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया।

इसके स्थान पर संरचना को जोड़ा गया:

Rivets

से।

पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार के ऐतिहासिक विवरण में भी पुल को riveting द्वारा निर्मित बताया गया है।

परीक्षा ट्रिक

Howrah Bridge → Rivets → No Nuts & Bolts

Rivet क्या है?

Rivet धातु के हिस्सों को स्थायी रूप से जोड़ने वाला एक:

Mechanical Fastener

है।

पुराने बड़े:

• स्टील पुलों,

• जहाजों,

• रेलवे संरचनाओं,

• औद्योगिक भवनों

में riveting का व्यापक उपयोग किया जाता था।

कितना इस्पात लगा?

हावड़ा ब्रिज में लगभग:

26,500 टन इस्पात

का उपयोग हुआ।

इसमें लगभग:

23,000 टन

उच्च तन्यता वाला मिश्रधातु इस्पात था जिसे:

Tiscrom

कहा जाता था।

इसका बड़ा भाग:

Tata Iron and Steel Company

द्वारा उपलब्ध कराया गया था।

रवीन्द्र सेतु नाम कब पड़ा?

हावड़ा ब्रिज का आधिकारिक नाम:

रवीन्द्र सेतु

है।

यह नाम दिया गया:

14 जून 1965

को।

नामकरण किया गया:

रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

के सम्मान में।

रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर महान:

• कवि,

• लेखक,

• दार्शनिक,

• संगीतकार,

• कलाकार

थे।

उन्हें:

1913

में:

साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार

मिला।

वे:

नोबेल पुरस्कार पाने वाले पहले एशियाई

थे।

हावड़ा स्टेशन

पुल के हावड़ा वाले छोर के निकट स्थित है:

हावड़ा रेलवे स्टेशन

यह भारत के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण रेलवे टर्मिनलों में से एक है।

इस कारण हावड़ा ब्रिज रेलवे यात्रियों और कोलकाता शहर के बीच एक महत्वपूर्ण संपर्क मार्ग रहा है।

कोलकाता का प्रतीक

समय के साथ हावड़ा ब्रिज केवल परिवहन संरचना नहीं रहा।

यह बन गया:

कोलकाता की पहचान

इसकी छवि:

• फिल्मों,

• साहित्य,

• चित्रों,

• फोटोग्राफी,

• पर्यटन प्रचार

में व्यापक रूप से दिखाई देती है।

अत्यधिक व्यस्त पुल

हावड़ा ब्रिज पर बड़ी संख्या में:

• वाहन,

• बसें,

• पैदल यात्री,

• व्यावसायिक यातायात

चलता है।

पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार के दस्तावेज इसे अत्यंत व्यस्त cantilever bridge के रूप में वर्णित करते हैं।

परीक्षा के लिए किसी एक दैनिक traffic संख्या को स्थायी तथ्य की तरह याद करना उचित नहीं है, क्योंकि यह समय के साथ बदलती रहती है।

रखरखाव

वर्तमान में हावड़ा ब्रिज अर्थात रवीन्द्र सेतु का रखरखाव:

Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata

से जुड़ा है।

सरकारी traffic और structural health-check notices में भी इसका आधिकारिक उल्लेख:

Rabindra Setu (Howrah Bridge)

के रूप में मिलता है।

हावड़ा ब्रिज बनाम विद्यासागर सेतु

यह बहुत महत्वपूर्ण परीक्षा प्रश्न है।

पश्चिम बंगाल परिवहन विभाग के अनुसार विद्यासागर सेतु अक्टूबर 1992 में यातायात के लिए खोला गया था।

Cantilever बनाम Cable-Stayed

Cantilever Bridge

उदाहरण:

Howrah Bridge

Cable-Stayed Bridge

ऊँचे towers से निकली cables bridge deck को सहारा देती हैं।

उदाहरण:

Vidyasagar Setu

याद रखें

Howrah → Cantilever

Vidyasagar → Cable-Stayed

परीक्षा में सामान्य भ्रम

भ्रम 1

हावड़ा ब्रिज दामोदर नदी पर है।

❌ गलत

हुगली नदी

भ्रम 2

हावड़ा ब्रिज का आधिकारिक नाम विद्यासागर सेतु है।

❌ गलत

हावड़ा ब्रिज → रवीन्द्र सेतु

Second Hooghly Bridge → विद्यासागर सेतु

भ्रम 3

हावड़ा ब्रिज Cable-Stayed Bridge है।

❌ गलत

Balanced Cantilever Bridge

भ्रम 4

हावड़ा ब्रिज 1965 में खुला।

❌ गलत

1943 → खुला

1965 → रवीन्द्र सेतु नाम रखा गया

भ्रम 5

1943 में ही इसका आधिकारिक नाम रवीन्द्र सेतु था।

❌ गलत

नामकरण हुआ:

14 जून 1965

भ्रम 6

रवीन्द्र सेतु का नाम ईश्वरचंद्र विद्यासागर के नाम पर है।

❌ गलत

रवीन्द्र सेतु → रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

विद्यासागर सेतु → ईश्वरचंद्र विद्यासागर

भ्रम 7

पुल की मुख्य संरचना nuts और bolts से जोड़ी गई।

❌ गलत

Rivets

भ्रम 8

वर्तमान हावड़ा ब्रिज इस स्थान का पहला पुल था।

❌ गलत

इससे पहले:

Pontoon Bridge

था।

याद रखने की ट्रिक

H – H – 43 – C – R – 65

H → Howrah
H → Hooghly
43 → 1943
C → Cantilever
R → Rabindra Setu
65 → 1965 में नामकरण

और:

Rivet, not Bolt

एक पंक्ति में हावड़ा ब्रिज

हावड़ा ब्रिज हुगली नदी पर कोलकाता और हावड़ा को जोड़ने वाला संतुलित कैंटिलीवर इस्पात पुल है, जिसे 1943 में यातायात के लिए खोला गया और 1965 में रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर के सम्मान में रवीन्द्र सेतु नाम दिया गया।

त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति

हावड़ा ब्रिज

→ आधिकारिक नाम: रवीन्द्र सेतु

→ पश्चिम बंगाल

→ नदी: हुगली

→ जोड़ता है: कोलकाता + हावड़ा

→ वर्तमान पुल: 1943

→ नामकरण: 14 जून 1965

→ रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

→ Balanced Cantilever Bridge

→ लंबाई: लगभग 466 मीटर

→ चौड़ाई: लगभग 19 मीटर

→ लगभग 26,500 टन steel

→ लगभग 23,000 टन Tiscrom

→ Tata steel connection

→ Riveted structure

→ Nuts & bolts नहीं

→ पुराना crossing: Pontoon Bridge

→ रखरखाव: Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata

→ Second Hooghly Bridge: Vidyasagar Setu

Practice MCQs

1. Howrah Bridge is built over which river?

A. Damodar
B. Hooghly
C. Teesta
D. Mahanadi

Answer: B. Hooghly

2. The official name of Howrah Bridge is:

A. Vidyasagar Setu
B. Vivekananda Setu
C. Rabindra Setu
D. Nivedita Setu

Answer: C. Rabindra Setu

3. Howrah Bridge connects:

A. Kolkata and Durgapur
B. Kolkata and Howrah
C. Howrah and Asansol
D. Kolkata and Siliguri

Answer: B. Kolkata and Howrah

4. The present Howrah Bridge opened in:

A. 1874
B. 1911
C. 1943
D. 1965

Answer: C. 1943

5. Howrah Bridge was renamed Rabindra Setu in:

A. 1943
B. 1947
C. 1965
D. 1971

Answer: C. 1965

6. Rabindra Setu is named after:

A. Swami Vivekananda
B. Rabindranath Tagore
C. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: B. Rabindranath Tagore

7. Howrah Bridge is principally a:

A. Suspension bridge
B. Cable-stayed bridge
C. Balanced cantilever bridge
D. Arch bridge

Answer: C. Balanced cantilever bridge

8. Which method was extensively used to join the bridge's steel structure?

A. Wooden joints
B. Riveting
C. Concrete glue
D. Rope binding

Answer: B. Riveting

9. Approximately how much steel was used?

A. 2,650 tonnes
B. 10,000 tonnes
C. 26,500 tonnes
D. 75,000 tonnes

Answer: C. 26,500 tonnes

10. The high-tensile steel associated with Howrah Bridge was known as:

A. Wootz
B. Tiscrom
C. Invar
D. Duralumin

Answer: B. Tiscrom

11. The Tiscrom steel used for the bridge was largely supplied by:

A. Tata Iron and Steel Company
B. Boeing
C. Indian Railways only
D. Hindustan Aeronautics

Answer: A

12. Howrah Bridge is approximately how long?

A. 166 m
B. 266 m
C. 466 m
D. 966 m

Answer: C. About 466 m

13. Before the present bridge, the site had a:

A. Roman arch bridge
B. Pontoon bridge
C. Cable-stayed bridge
D. Railway tunnel

Answer: B. Pontoon bridge

14. The earlier pontoon bridge opened in:

A. 1757
B. 1854
C. 1874
D. 1905

Answer: C. 1874

15. Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize in:

A. Physics
B. Literature
C. Peace
D. Economics

Answer: B. Literature

16. Tagore won the Nobel Prize in:

A. 1905
B. 1911
C. 1913
D. 1921

Answer: C. 1913

17. Which bridge is known as the Second Hooghly Bridge?

A. Rabindra Setu
B. Vidyasagar Setu
C. Nivedita Setu
D. Vivekananda Setu

Answer: B. Vidyasagar Setu

18. Vidyasagar Setu is primarily a:

A. Balanced cantilever bridge
B. Cable-stayed bridge
C. Wooden bridge
D. Pontoon bridge

Answer: B. Cable-stayed bridge

19. Vidyasagar Setu opened to traffic in:

A. 1943
B. 1965
C. 1982
D. 1992

Answer: D. 1992

20. Which pair is correctly matched?

A. Rabindra Setu – Damodar
B. Howrah Bridge – Hooghly
C. Vidyasagar Setu – Teesta
D. Howrah Bridge – Mahanadi

Answer: B

21. Which pair is correctly matched?

A. Howrah Bridge – Cable-stayed
B. Vidyasagar Setu – Balanced cantilever
C. Howrah Bridge – Balanced cantilever
D. Howrah Bridge – Suspension bridge

Answer: C

22. Howrah Bridge is located in:

A. Bihar
B. Odisha
C. West Bengal
D. Assam

Answer: C. West Bengal

23. The official renaming of Howrah Bridge took place on:

A. 14 June 1965
B. 15 August 1947
C. 26 January 1950
D. 7 August 1941

Answer: A. 14 June 1965

24. Which statement is correct?

A. Howrah Bridge was named Rabindra Setu in 1943 itself.
B. It opened in 1965.
C. It opened in 1943 and was renamed in 1965.
D. It opened in 1992.

Answer: C

25. Which statement best describes Howrah Bridge?

A. A cable-stayed bridge across the Damodar
B. A balanced cantilever bridge across the Hooghly
C. A suspension bridge across the Ganga at Patna
D. An arch bridge across the Teesta

Answer: B