Biology / जीव विज्ञान
The source states that the term Biology was coined by Lamarck and Treviranus in 1802. Biology is the branch of science concerned with living organisms.
Source के अनुसार Biology term Lamarck और Treviranus द्वारा 1802 में दिया गया। Biology living organisms के study से संबंधित branch of science है।
Main Branches / मुख्य शाखाएँ
- Botany → Study of plants / पौधों का अध्ययन
- Zoology → Study of animals / जन्तुओं का अध्ययन
Aristotle / अरस्तू
The source calls Aristotle the Father of Biology and also the Father of Zoology.
Source Aristotle को Father of Biology तथा Father of Zoology बताता है।
Binomial Nomenclature / द्विनाम पद्धति
In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature for living organisms. A scientific name consists of genus and species.
Carolus Linnaeus ने living organisms के लिए Binomial Nomenclature develop किया जिसमें scientific name Genus और Species से मिलकर बनता है।
Five Kingdom Classification / पाँच-जगत वर्गीकरण
According to the source, Whittaker in 1969 classified living organisms into five kingdoms.
- Monera
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
Monera / मोनेरा
The source includes bacteria and Mycoplasma in Monera.
Protista / प्रोटिस्टा
The source includes Protozoa, described as unicellular eukaryotes, in Protista.
Viruses / वायरस
The source describes viruses as sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular parasites consisting of nucleoprotein.
Viruses sub-microscopic obligate intracellular parasites हैं और source उन्हें nucleoprotein से composed बताता है।
W.M. Stanley first crystallised Tobacco Mosaic Virus, TMV, according to the source.
Viroids / वायरोइड
Viroids are described as very small infectious single-stranded RNA molecules discovered by T.O. Diener.
Viroids infectious single-stranded RNA molecules हैं। Source उनकी discovery T.O. Diener को देता है।
The Cell / कोशिका
According to the cell theory attributed in the source to Schleiden and Schwann in 1838, the cell is the structural and functional unit of living organisms.
Cell living organism की structural तथा functional unit है। Source Cell Theory को Schleiden और Schwann, 1838 से associate करता है।
Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms / एककोशिकीय एवं बहुकोशिकीय जीव
- Unicellular → Organism composed of one cell
- Multicellular → Organism composed of many cells
Prokaryotic Cell / प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिका
The source describes prokaryotic cells as lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells में nucleus तथा membrane-bound organelles absent होते हैं।
Examples in source: bacteria, Mycoplasma and blue-green algae.
Eukaryotic Cell / यूकैरियोटिक कोशिका
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells में nucleus और membrane-bound organelles present होते हैं।
Examples: plants, animals and fungi.