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Polity

Indian Polity – President, Vice President & Prime Minister Complete Notes + Powers, Election, Articles & MCQs (SSC, Railway, UPSC 2026)

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📖 1. Introduction (परिचय)

Hindi:

भारतीय संविधान में कार्यपालिका (Executive) का प्रमुख भाग राष्ट्रपति, उपराष्ट्रपति और प्रधानमंत्री होते हैं। ये देश के प्रशासन और शासन में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।

English:

In the Indian Constitution, the Executive includes the President, Vice President, and Prime Minister, who play key roles in governance.

👑 2. President of India (राष्ट्रपति)

📌 Articles

  • Article 52 → President
  • Article 53 → Executive power

📌 Election (चुनाव)

Hindi:

  • अप्रत्यक्ष चुनाव
  • Electoral College द्वारा

English:

  • Indirect election
  • By Electoral College

⚡ Powers of President

🔹 Executive Powers

  • PM और मंत्रियों की नियुक्ति

🔹 Legislative Powers

  • संसद को बुलाना
  • Bill को assent देना

🔹 Judicial Powers

  • दया याचिका (Pardon)

🧠 3. Vice President of India (उपराष्ट्रपति)

📌 Articles

  • Article 63

📌 Election

  • Parliament members elect

🎯 Functions

  • Rajya Sabha के ex-officio Chairman

🏛️ 4. Prime Minister of India (प्रधानमंत्री)

📌 Appointment

Hindi:

राष्ट्रपति द्वारा नियुक्त

English:

Appointed by President

⚡ Powers of PM

🔹 Executive Head

  • वास्तविक शक्ति

🔹 Council of Ministers

  • मंत्रियों का नेतृत्व

🔹 Policy Making

  • नीतियाँ बनाना

⚖️ 5. Difference Table

FeaturePresidentPMPositionHead of StateHead of GovernmentPowerNominalRealRoleFormalExecutive

🧠 6. Important Facts

  • President = Nominal head
  • PM = Real head
  • VP = RS Chairman

🎯 7. Exam-Oriented Points

  • Article 52 → President
  • Article 63 → VP
  • PM → Real executive

🧪 8. MCQs Practice

Q1. भारत का राष्ट्रपति किसके द्वारा चुना जाता है?

A. जनता

B. Parliament

C. Electoral College ✅

D. PM

Q2. उपराष्ट्रपति का कार्य क्या है?

A. PM

B. RS Chairman ✅

C. Judge

D. CM

Q3. प्रधानमंत्री किसके द्वारा नियुक्त होता है?

A. जनता

B. President ✅

C. Parliament

D. Court

Q4. वास्तविक शक्ति किसके पास होती है?

A. President

B. PM ✅

C. VP

D. Judge

Q5. दया याचिका कौन देता है?

A. PM

B. President ✅

C. VP

D. Court

📌 9. Previous Year Trends

Hindi:

SSC/Railway में पूछा जाता है:

  • Powers
  • Articles
  • Roles

English:

Frequently asked:

  • Powers
  • Articles
  • Roles

🔚 10. Conclusion

Hindi:

Executive का यह भाग polity का core topic है और exams के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।

English:

The executive is a core polity topic and essential for exams.

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