Preamble of the Indian Constitution / भारतीय संविधान की प्रस्तावना
The source describes the Preamble as the preface or introduction to the Constitution and states that it is an integral part of the Constitution. Interpretation of constitutional provisions is guided by the spirit of the Preamble.
स्रोत Preamble को Constitution की preface या introduction बताता है और इसे Constitution का integral part कहता है। Constitutional interpretation में Preamble की spirit important मानी गई है।
Objective Resolution / उद्देश्य प्रस्ताव
The Objective Resolution was drafted and moved by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. The source states that it ultimately became the Preamble.
Objective Resolution Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru ने draft और move किया। Constituent Assembly ने इसे adopt किया और source के अनुसार यही ultimately Preamble बना।
Source of the Idea of Preamble / प्रस्तावना के विचार का स्रोत
The source states that the idea of the Preamble was borrowed from the Constitution of the USA.
स्रोत के अनुसार Preamble का idea USA के Constitution से borrowed है।
42nd Constitutional Amendment / 42वाँ संविधान संशोधन
The words Socialist, Secular and Integrity were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.
Socialist, Secular और Integrity words 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 द्वारा add किए गए।
Core Ideals in the Preamble / प्रस्तावना के मूल आदर्श
- Sovereign / सम्प्रभु
- Socialist / समाजवादी
- Secular / पंथनिरपेक्ष
- Democratic / लोकतांत्रिक
- Republic / गणराज्य
- Justice → Social, Economic and Political
- Liberty → Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith and Worship
- Equality → Status and Opportunity
- Fraternity → Dignity of individual and unity and integrity of the nation
Sources of the Indian Constitution / भारतीय संविधान के स्रोत
United Kingdom / यूनाइटेड किंगडम
- Rule of Law
- Cabinet System
- Prerogative Writs
- Parliamentary Government
- Bicameral Parliament
- CAG Office
- Single Citizenship
- Law-making procedures
United States of America / संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
- Written Constitution
- Vice-President as ex-officio Chairman of Upper House
- Fundamental Rights
- Supreme Court
- Independence of Judiciary
- Judicial Review
- Preamble
Erstwhile USSR / पूर्व सोवियत संघ
Fundamental Duties.
Australia / ऑस्ट्रेलिया
- Concurrent List
- Joint sitting of Parliament
Japan / जापान
Procedure established by law.
Germany / जर्मनी
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
Canada / कनाडा
- Federation with a strong Centre
- Distribution of powers between Centre and States
- Residuary powers with Centre
Ireland / आयरलैंड
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Method of election of President
South Africa / दक्षिण अफ्रीका
- Procedure for amendment of Constitution
- Election of members of Rajya Sabha
France / फ्रांस
Republic and ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble.
Main Features of the Constitution / संविधान की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ
- Bulkiest written Constitution in the world
- Combination of rigidity and flexibility
- Parliamentary system of government
- Federal system with a unitary bias
- Fundamental Rights and Duties
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Integrated and independent judiciary
- Single citizenship
- Emergency powers
- Universal Adult Franchise
High-Yield Revision / महत्वपूर्ण पुनरावृत्ति
- Preamble idea → USA
- Objective Resolution → Jawaharlal Nehru
- Socialist, Secular, Integrity → 42nd Amendment, 1976
- Rule of Law → UK
- Fundamental Rights → USA
- Fundamental Duties → USSR
- Concurrent List → Australia
- Procedure established by law → Japan
- DPSP → Ireland
- Amendment procedure → South Africa
- Liberty, Equality, Fraternity → France