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Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Optical Fibre, Lens and Dispersion | अपवर्तन पूर्ण आंतरिक परावर्तन ऑप्टिकल फाइबर एवं वर्ण विक्षेपण

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Refraction of Light / प्रकाश का अपवर्तन

The bending of a ray of light when it passes from one medium to another is called refraction.

Light ray का एक medium से दूसरे medium में जाने पर bend होना Refraction कहलाता है।

The source states that during refraction frequency and phase remain unchanged, while wavelength and velocity change.

Refraction के दौरान source के अनुसार frequency और phase नहीं बदलते, जबकि wavelength तथा velocity बदलते हैं।

Twinkling of Stars / तारों का टिमटिमाना

The source associates the apparent twinkling of stars with refraction through Earth's atmosphere.

Stars का twinkling Earth's atmosphere में refraction के कारण होता है।

Refractive Index / अपवर्तनांक

Refractive Index (μ) = Speed of light in vacuum / Speed of light in medium

Critical Angle / क्रांतिक कोण

The angle of incidence in a denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the rarer medium becomes 90° is called the critical angle.

Denser medium में वह angle of incidence जिसके लिए rarer medium में angle of refraction 90° हो जाए, Critical Angle कहलाता है।

Total Internal Reflection – TIR / पूर्ण आंतरिक परावर्तन

When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, light is reflected back into the denser medium. This phenomenon is called Total Internal Reflection.

जब light denser medium से rarer medium की ओर जाती है और angle of incidence critical angle से अधिक होता है, तो light वापस denser medium में reflect हो जाती है। इसे Total Internal Reflection कहते हैं।

Examples of TIR / TIR के उदाहरण

  • Sparkling of diamond / Diamond का चमकना
  • Mirage / मृगतृष्णा
  • Looming
  • Shining air bubbles in water / Water में air bubbles का चमकना
  • Optical fibre / Optical fibre

Optical Fibre / ऑप्टिकल फाइबर

Optical fibre works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection.

Optical Fibre, Total Internal Reflection के principle पर work करता है।

Uses / उपयोग

  • Telecommunication / दूरसंचार
  • Medical procedures such as endoscopy / Endoscopy जैसे medical purposes

Lens / लेंस

The source divides lenses into Convex Lens and Concave Lens.

Lens दो types के होते हैं—Convex Lens तथा Concave Lens।

The source states that when a lens is dipped in a liquid having a higher refractive index, its focal length increases, and describes reversal of lens behaviour in the stated situation.

Air Bubble / वायु बुलबुला

An air bubble trapped in water or glass appears convex but behaves as a concave lens according to the source.

Dispersion of Light / प्रकाश का वर्ण विक्षेपण

When white light passes through a prism and splits into its constituent colours, the phenomenon is called dispersion.

White light का prism से pass होने पर constituent colours में split होना Dispersion of Light कहलाता है।

VIBGYOR

  1. Violet / बैंगनी
  2. Indigo / जामुनी
  3. Blue / नीला
  4. Green / हरा
  5. Yellow / पीला
  6. Orange / नारंगी
  7. Red / लाल

Rainbow is formed due to dispersion of sunlight by water droplets according to the source.

Source के अनुसार water droplets द्वारा sunlight के dispersion के कारण Rainbow बनता है।

  • Red has maximum wavelength. / Red colour की wavelength maximum होती है।
  • Violet has minimum wavelength. / Violet colour की wavelength minimum होती है।
  • Red, Green and Blue are primary colours. / Red, Green और Blue primary colours हैं।



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