Advent of Europeans in India / भारत में यूरोपियों का आगमन
The source covers the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French and lists their arrival, companies, settlements, battles and important agreements. This section marks the beginning of Modern India in the book.
स्रोत Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes और French के arrival, companies, settlements, battles और important agreements का विवरण देता है। पुस्तक में यही section Modern India की शुरुआत करता है।
Portuguese / पुर्तगाली
Vasco da Gama / वास्को-दा-गामा
Vasco da Gama reached the port of Calicut in 1498 during the reign of Zamorin, the Hindu ruler of Calicut.
Vasco da Gama 1498 में Calicut पहुँचा। उस समय वहाँ Zamorin का शासन था।
Settlements / बस्तियाँ
The source lists Daman, Salsette, Chaul, Bombay, San Thome near Madras and Hooghly among Portuguese settlements.
स्रोत Portuguese settlements में Daman, Salsette, Chaul, Bombay, Madras के निकट San Thome और Hooghly का उल्लेख करता है।
Almeida and Albuquerque / अल्मेडा और अल्बुकर्क
Francisco de Almeida is described as the first Governor and Alfonso de Albuquerque as the second Governor of India.
Francisco de Almeida को first Governor और Alfonso de Albuquerque को second Governor बताया गया है।
Albuquerque arrived in 1509 and captured Goa in AD 1510.
Albuquerque 1509 में आया और AD 1510 में Goa पर कब्ज़ा किया।
Dutch / डच
The Dutch East India Company was formed in AD 1602.
Dutch East India Company AD 1602 में बनी।
Battle of Bedara / बेदरा का युद्ध
The source states that the Dutch were defeated by the English at the Battle of Bedara in AD 1759.
स्रोत के अनुसार Dutch को English ने AD 1759 के Battle of Bedara में पराजित किया।
The agreement described in the source left Indonesia under Dutch control and India, Sri Lanka and Malaya under British influence.
स्रोत के अनुसार agreement के बाद Indonesia पर Dutch और India, Sri Lanka तथा Malaya पर British control स्थापित हुआ।
Dutch Factories / डच फैक्ट्रियाँ
The first Dutch factory was established at Masulipatnam in 1605.
पहली Dutch factory 1605 में Masulipatnam में स्थापित हुई।
Other factories listed are Pulicat, Chinsura, Patna, Balasore, Nagapattinam, Cochin, Surat, Karaikal and Kasimbazar.
अन्य factories में Pulicat, Chinsura, Patna, Balasore, Nagapattinam, Cochin, Surat, Karaikal और Kasimbazar शामिल हैं।
English / अंग्रेज
The source states that the English East India Company was formed in 1599 under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth in 1600.
स्रोत के अनुसार English East India Company 1599 में बनी और Queen Elizabeth ने 1600 में charter दिया।
Captain Hawkins / कैप्टन हॉकिन्स
Jahangir granted a farman to Captain William Hawkins permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat in 1613.
Jahangir ने Captain William Hawkins को farman दिया, जिसके आधार पर 1613 में Surat में factory स्थापित करने की अनुमति मिली।
Sir Thomas Roe / सर थॉमस रो
In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe obtained an imperial farman from Jahangir allowing trade and establishment of factories across the Mughal Empire.
1615 में Sir Thomas Roe ने Jahangir से imperial farman प्राप्त किया, जिससे Mughal Empire के विभिन्न भागों में trade और factories की अनुमति मिली।
Calcutta / कलकत्ता
In 1690, Job Charnock established a factory at Suttanati.
1690 में Job Charnock ने Suttanati में factory स्थापित की।
In 1698, after acquiring the zamindari of Suttanati, Kalikata and Govindpur, Calcutta was founded. Fort William was established in 1700.
1698 में Suttanati, Kalikata और Govindpur की zamindari प्राप्त करने के बाद Calcutta की स्थापना हुई। Fort William 1700 में स्थापित हुआ।
Farrukhsiyar's Farman / फर्रुखसियर का फरमान
In 1717, John Surman obtained a farman from Farrukhsiyar granting large concessions to the Company.
1717 में John Surman ने Farrukhsiyar से farman प्राप्त किया, जिसने Company को बड़े concessions दिए।
The source calls this farman the Magna Carta of the Company.
स्रोत इस farman को Magna Carta of the Company कहता है।
Battle of Plassey / प्लासी का युद्ध
In 1757, the English defeated Sirajuddaula, Nawab of Bengal.
1757 में English ने Bengal के Nawab Sirajuddaula को पराजित किया।
Battle of Buxar / बक्सर का युद्ध
In 1764, Captain Munro defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim of Bengal, Shujauddaula of Awadh and Shah Alam II.
1764 में Captain Munro ने Mir Qasim, Shujauddaula और Shah Alam II की joint forces को पराजित किया।
Danes / डेनिश
The Danish East India Company was formed in 1616.
Danish East India Company 1616 में बनी।
The Danish colony of Tranquebar was established on the southern Coromandel Coast.
Tranquebar colony southern Coromandel Coast पर स्थापित हुई।
Serampore and Tranquebar were sold to the English in 1845.
Serampore और Tranquebar को 1845 में English को बेच दिया गया।
French / फ्रांसीसी
The French East India Company was formed by Colbert under state patronage in 1664.
French East India Company को Colbert ने 1664 में state patronage के तहत स्थापित किया।
The first French factory was established at Surat by Francois Caron in 1668. Another factory was established at Masulipatnam in 1669.
पहली French factory Francois Caron ने 1668 में Surat में स्थापित की। 1669 में Masulipatnam में भी factory बनी।
Battle of Wandiwash / वांडीवाश का युद्ध
The source states that the French were defeated by the English in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
स्रोत के अनुसार French को English ने 1760 के Battle of Wandiwash में पराजित किया।
High-Yield Revision / महत्वपूर्ण पुनरावृत्ति
- Vasco da Gama → Calicut → 1498
- Almeida → First Portuguese Governor
- Albuquerque → Captured Goa → 1510
- Dutch East India Company → 1602
- First Dutch factory → Masulipatnam → 1605
- English East India Company → Charter 1600
- Hawkins → Surat factory permission → 1613
- Thomas Roe → Farman → 1615
- Calcutta → Suttanati, Kalikata, Govindpur
- Farrukhsiyar farman → 1717 → Magna Carta of Company
- Plassey → 1757
- Buxar → 1764
- Danish East India Company → 1616
- French East India Company → 1664
- Battle of Wandiwash → 1760