📖 1. Introduction (परिचय)
Hindi:
मुद्रास्फीति, बेरोजगारी और गरीबी किसी भी देश की अर्थव्यवस्था के महत्वपूर्ण संकेतक हैं। SSC, Railway और UPSC परीक्षाओं में इन topics से प्रश्न बार-बार पूछे जाते हैं।
English:
Inflation, unemployment, and poverty are key indicators of an economy and frequently asked in exams.
📈 2. Inflation (मुद्रास्फीति)
📌 Definition
Hindi:
जब वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की कीमतें लगातार बढ़ती हैं, तो उसे मुद्रास्फीति कहते हैं।
English:
Inflation is the continuous rise in prices of goods and services.
📊 Types of Inflation
🔹 Demand-Pull Inflation
Demand > Supply
🔹 Cost-Push Inflation
Cost increases
🔹 Hyper Inflation
Very high inflation
🎯 Effects
Hindi:
- क्रय शक्ति घटती है
- जीवन महंगा होता है
English:
- Purchasing power decreases
- Cost of living rises
🧠 3. Unemployment (बेरोजगारी)
📌 Definition
Hindi:
जब काम करने की इच्छा और क्षमता होने के बावजूद काम न मिले।
English:
When a person is willing and able to work but cannot find a job.
📊 Types
🔹 Structural Unemployment
Skill mismatch
🔹 Seasonal Unemployment
Agriculture-based
🔹 Frictional Unemployment
Job change
🔹 Disguised Unemployment
More people than needed
🎯 Effects
- Income loss
- Poverty increase
💰 4. Poverty (गरीबी)
📌 Definition
Hindi:
जीवन की आवश्यक जरूरतें पूरी न कर पाना।
English:
Inability to meet basic needs.
📊 Types of Poverty
- Absolute poverty
- Relative poverty
⚡ 5. Causes (कारण)
🔹 Inflation Causes
- Demand increase
- Supply shortage
🔹 Unemployment Causes
- Population growth
- Lack of skills
🔹 Poverty Causes
- Low income
- Inequality
🏦 6. Government Measures (सरकारी उपाय)
🔹 For Inflation
- RBI policies
- Interest rate control
🔹 For Unemployment
- Skill development
- Job schemes
🔹 For Poverty
- Subsidies
- Welfare schemes
🎯 7. Important Facts
- Inflation measured by CPI
- Unemployment rate = key indicator
- Poverty line defined by govt
🧪 8. MCQs Practice
Q1. Inflation क्या है?
A. Price decrease
B. Price increase ✅
C. Income
D. Tax
Q2. Seasonal unemployment कहाँ होता है?
A. Industry
B. Agriculture ✅
C. Office
D. Bank
Q3. Poverty का मतलब क्या है?
A. Rich
B. No money
C. Lack of basic needs ✅
D. Job
Q4. CPI किसके लिए है?
A. GDP
B. Inflation ✅
C. Tax
D. Income
Q5. Disguised unemployment क्या है?
A. No job
B. Hidden unemployment ✅
C. Full job
D. None
📌 9. Previous Year Trends
Hindi:
SSC/Railway में पूछा जाता है:
- Inflation types
- Unemployment types
- Poverty
English:
Frequently asked:
- Inflation
- Unemployment
- Poverty
🔚 10. Conclusion
Hindi:
ये तीनों concepts अर्थव्यवस्था के आधार हैं और exams के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
English:
These concepts are fundamental to the economy and important for exams.