Outline of Indian Economy / भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की रूपरेखा
The source introduces Indian Economy by discussing its nature, major characteristics, broad sectors and history of economic planning. Some rankings and percentages in the book are time-sensitive and are reproduced as source-context information rather than current claims.
Source Indian Economy की शुरुआत economy की nature, major characteristics, broad sectors तथा economic planning के history से करता है। Book के कुछ rankings और percentages time-sensitive हैं और उन्हें यहाँ source-context information के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
Nature of Indian Economy / भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की प्रकृति
Mixed Economy / मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था
A mixed economy has both public and private sectors. The source states that the term was coined by Pat Mullins and supported by J.M. Keynes.
Mixed Economy में public और private sectors दोनों coexist करते हैं। Source इस term को Pat Mullins तथा J.M. Keynes से जोड़ता है।
Agrarian Economy / कृषि प्रधान अर्थव्यवस्था
The source characterises India as an agrarian economy because a significant proportion of the workforce depends upon agriculture.
Source India को agrarian economy बताता है क्योंकि workforce का significant proportion agriculture पर depend करता है।
Features Listed in the Source / स्रोत में प्रमुख विशेषताएँ
- Slow growth of national and per capita income.
- Capital deficiency and low rate of capital formation.
- Low investment and production.
- Poor quality of human capital.
- Over-dependence on agriculture.
- Low agricultural productivity.
- Heavy population pressure.
- Unequal distribution of income and wealth.
- Mass poverty.
- Inflation and unemployment.
Broad Sectors of Indian Economy / भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के प्रमुख क्षेत्र
Primary Sector / प्राथमिक क्षेत्र
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing और mining Primary Sector के important activities हैं।
Secondary Sector / द्वितीयक क्षेत्र
Manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction.
Tertiary or Service Sector / तृतीयक या सेवा क्षेत्र
Business, transport, telecommunications, banking, insurance, real estate and community or personal services.
Economic Planning in India / भारत में आर्थिक नियोजन
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru. The source identifies Gulzarilal Nanda as the first Deputy Chairman.
Planning Commission 1950 में Jawaharlal Nehru की chairmanship में स्थापित हुआ। Source Gulzarilal Nanda को first Deputy Chairman बताता है।
Basic Aim / मूल उद्देश्य
The basic aim of economic planning was rapid economic growth through development of agriculture, industry, power and other sectors.
Economic Planning का basic aim agriculture, industry, power तथा other sectors के development के माध्यम से rapid economic growth achieve करना था।
NITI Aayog / नीति आयोग
The source states that NITI Aayog came into existence on 1 January 2015 as the Government's policy-making think tank replacing the Planning Commission.
Source के अनुसार NITI Aayog 1 January 2015 को Planning Commission के replacement के रूप में आया।
Historical Milestones in Planning / आर्थिक नियोजन के ऐतिहासिक पड़ाव
- Planned Economy for India, 1934 → M. Visvesvaraya
- National Planning Committee, 1938 → Jawaharlal Nehru
- Bombay Plan → 1944
- Gandhian Plan, 1944 → S.N. Agarwal
- People's Plan, 1945 → M.N. Roy
- Sarvodaya Plan, 1950 → J.P. Narayan
Quick Revision / त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
- Indian Economy → Mixed + Agrarian in source
- Primary Sector → Agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining
- Secondary Sector → Manufacturing and construction
- Tertiary Sector → Services
- Planning Commission → 1950
- First Deputy Chairman → Gulzarilal Nanda
- NITI Aayog → 1 January 2015
- People's Plan → M.N. Roy
- Gandhian Plan → S.N. Agarwal