Inclusive Development / समावेशी विकास
The source discusses Human Development Index, poverty, unemployment and a large set of socio-economic programmes. Many rankings, expenditure thresholds and scheme-status details in this section are time-sensitive and are therefore presented as source-based historical study material.
Source Human Development Index, poverty, unemployment तथा कई socio-economic programmes को discuss करता है। इस section में कुछ rankings और expenditure figures time-sensitive हैं, इसलिए उन्हें source-based historical study material के रूप में पढ़ना चाहिए।
Human Development Index – HDI / मानव विकास सूचकांक
The source associates the HDI concept with Mahbub-ul-Haq and states that UNDP has published HDI since 1990.
Source HDI concept को Mahbub-ul-Haq से जोड़ता है और बताता है कि UNDP 1990 से HDI publish करता है।
Three Dimensions of HDI / HDI के तीन आयाम
- Life expectancy at birth.
- Education Index comprising mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
- GNI per capita at PPP.
Health and Education Programmes / स्वास्थ्य एवं शिक्षा कार्यक्रम
- National Rural Health Mission → 2 April 2005
- National Urban Health Mission → 2013
- Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Poverty / गरीबी
The source states that the erstwhile Planning Commission estimated poverty on the basis of data collected by the National Sample Survey Organisation.
Source के अनुसार erstwhile Planning Commission poverty estimates के लिए NSSO data का use करता था।
Main Reasons for Rural Poverty / ग्रामीण गरीबी के कारण
- Rapid population growth
- Lack of capital
- Lack of alternative employment
- Poor agricultural conditions
- Illiteracy
- Weak implementation of PDS
Main Reasons for Urban Poverty / शहरी गरीबी के कारण
- Migration from rural areas
- Lack of skilled labour
- Lack of housing facilities
- Limited job opportunities
Tendulkar Committee / तेंदुलकर समिति
The source discusses poverty estimates associated with the Suresh Tendulkar Committee and gives expenditure benchmarks for rural and urban areas in the period covered by the book.
Source Suresh Tendulkar Committee से संबंधित poverty estimates तथा rural-urban expenditure benchmarks का उल्लेख करता है। ये historical figures हैं और current poverty-line values के रूप में use नहीं किए जाने चाहिए।
Important Socio-Economic Programmes / प्रमुख सामाजिक-आर्थिक कार्यक्रम
- Twenty Point Programme → 1975
- Indira Awaas Yojana → 1985
- Jawahar Rozgar Yojana → 1989
- Nehru Rozgar Yojana → 1989
- Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana → 1997
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana → 2000
- Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana → 2001
- Bharat Nirman → 2005
- JNNURM → 2005
- Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme → 2008
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Programme → 2009, as named in source
- National Rural Livelihood Mission → 2011
- Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan → 2012
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan → 2014
- Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana → 2015
- Atal Pension Yojana → 2015
- Digital India Programme → 2015
- National Skill Development Mission → 2015
- Smart City Mission → 2015
- AMRUT → 2015
- Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana → 2015
- Start-up and Stand-up Yojana → 2016
- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana → 2016
- UJALA Yojana → 2016
- SWAYAM → 2016
- Saubhagya Yojana → 2017
- UDAN Scheme → 2017
- Ayushman Bharat → 2018
- PM-KISAN → 2019
- SVAMITVA → 2020
- PM SVANidhi → 2020
- Atmanirbhar Bharat → 2020
- Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana → 2020
- PM-WANI → 2020
Unemployment / बेरोजगारी
Unemployment refers to a situation in which a person is able and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate but does not get an opportunity to work.
Unemployment वह situation है जिसमें person prevailing wage rate पर काम करने में able और willing है लेकिन उसे work opportunity नहीं मिलती।
Three Estimates of Unemployment in the Source / बेरोजगारी मापन की तीन विधियाँ
- Usual Principal Status: Person remained unemployed for a major part of the year.
- Current Weekly Status: Person did not find even one hour of work in the week preceding the survey.
- Current Daily Status: Person did not find work even for one hour in a day.
The source associates these estimates with recommendations of the B. Bhagwati Committee from 1973.
Women and Child Development Programmes / महिला एवं बाल विकास कार्यक्रम
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme → 1995
- Swadhar → 1995
- Swayam Sidha → 2001
- SSA → 2001
- STEP → 2003-04
- Ujjwala → 2007
- Dhanlaxmi → 2008
- Integrated Child Protection Scheme → 2009-10
- Sabla Scheme → 2010
- National Mission for Empowerment of Women → 2010
- Nai Roshni → 2012
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao → 2015
- PM Ujjwala Yojana → 2016
- PM Matri Vandana Yojana → 2017
- Suposhit Maa Abhiyan → 2020