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Polity

Indian Polity – Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha) Complete Notes + Powers, Functions, Comparison & MCQs (SSC, Railway, UPSC 2026)

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📖 1. Introduction (परिचय)

Hindi:

भारतीय संसद देश की सर्वोच्च विधायी संस्था है, जो कानून बनाती है, सरकार को नियंत्रित करती है और लोकतंत्र का आधार है।

English:

The Indian Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India. It makes laws, controls the government, and forms the backbone of democracy.

🏛️ 2. Structure of Parliament (संरचना)

भारतीय संसद तीन भागों से मिलकर बनी है:

  1. President of India
  2. Lok Sabha
  3. Rajya Sabha

👑 3. President of India (राष्ट्रपति)

Hindi:

राष्ट्रपति संसद का अभिन्न अंग होता है, बिना उसकी मंजूरी कोई कानून लागू नहीं होता।

English:

The President is an integral part of Parliament; no bill becomes law without approval.

🏛️ 4. Lok Sabha (लोकसभा)

📌 Key Features

FeatureDetailsTypeLower HouseMaximum Strength552Current Strength543Term5 years

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Election

Hindi:

  • जनता द्वारा सीधे चुनाव
  • Universal Adult Franchise

English:

  • Direct election by people
  • Universal adult suffrage

⚡ Powers of Lok Sabha

Hindi:

  • Money Bill केवल यहीं से पास होता है
  • सरकार इसी के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है

English:

  • Money Bills originate here
  • Government is responsible to Lok Sabha

🏛️ 5. Rajya Sabha (राज्यसभा)

📌 Key Features

FeatureDetailsTypeUpper HouseMaximum Strength250Current Strength245TermPermanent

🔁 Rotation System

Hindi:

हर 2 साल में 1/3 सदस्य रिटायर होते हैं

English:

1/3 members retire every 2 years

⚡ Powers of Rajya Sabha

Hindi:

  • राज्यों का प्रतिनिधित्व
  • All India Services बना सकती है

English:

  • Represents states
  • Can create All India Services

⚖️ 6. Powers of Parliament (संसद की शक्तियाँ)

🔹 Legislative Powers

  • कानून बनाना

🔹 Financial Powers

  • बजट पास करना

🔹 Executive Control

  • सरकार को नियंत्रित करना

🔹 Amendment Powers

  • संविधान में संशोधन

🧠 7. Difference: Lok Sabha vs Rajya Sabha

FeatureLok SabhaRajya SabhaHouseLowerUpperElectionDirectIndirectTerm5 yearsPermanentPowerMore powerfulLess powerful

📜 8. Important Articles

ArticleTopic79Parliament80Rajya Sabha81Lok Sabha110Money Bill

💡 9. Important Terms

🔹 Money Bill

Hindi:

केवल लोकसभा में पेश होता है

English:

Introduced only in Lok Sabha

🔹 Joint Sitting

Hindi:

दोनों सदनों के बीच विवाद होने पर

English:

When both houses disagree

🎯 10. Exam-Oriented Facts

  • Lok Sabha = अधिक शक्तिशाली
  • Rajya Sabha = स्थायी
  • Money Bill → Lok Sabha

🧪 11. MCQs Practice

Q1. भारतीय संसद में कितने अंग होते हैं?

A. 2

B. 3 ✅

C. 4

D. 5

Q2. Money Bill कहाँ पेश होता है?

A. Rajya Sabha

B. Lok Sabha ✅

C. Both

D. President

Q3. Rajya Sabha का कार्यकाल क्या है?

A. 5 years

B. 6 years

C. Permanent ✅

D. 4 years

Q4. संसद का प्रमुख कौन है?

A. PM

B. President ✅

C. Speaker

D. Judge

Q5. Joint sitting कौन बुलाता है?

A. PM

B. President ✅

C. Speaker

D. CM

📌 12. Previous Year Trends

Hindi:

SSC/Railway में पूछा जाता है:

  • Lok Sabha vs Rajya Sabha
  • Money Bill
  • Articles

English:

Frequently asked:

  • Differences
  • Money Bill
  • Articles

🔚 13. Conclusion

Hindi:

भारतीय संसद लोकतंत्र की आत्मा है और इसकी समझ exams के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक है।

English:

The Indian Parliament is the soul of democracy and essential for exams.

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