Transportation Infrastructure of India / भारत का परिवहन अवसंरचना
The source continues the transportation section with important National Highways, National Waterways, major ports and air transport. These are high-value static GK topics because examinations frequently ask route, river, port-state and airport-city combinations.
स्रोत transportation section को important National Highways, National Waterways, major ports और air transport के साथ आगे बढ़ाता है। Competitive examinations में route, river, port-state तथा airport-city combinations से direct questions अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं।
Important National Highways – New Numbering / महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग – नई संख्या व्यवस्था
- NH 1: Uri – Baramula – Srinagar – Kargil – Leh
- NH 4: Mayabandar – Port Blair – Chiriyatapu
- NH 7: Fazilka – Patiala – Rudraprayag – Mana
- NH 10: Siliguri – Gangtok
- NH 21: Jaipur – Agra – Bareilly
- NH 32: Chennai – Puducherry – Nagapatinam
- NH 40: Kurnool – Chittoor – Ranipet
- NH 44: Srinagar – Ludhiana – Agra – Sagar – Hyderabad – Kanyakumari
Examination में highway number देकर route पूछा जा सकता है या route देकर highway number। इसलिए दोनों directions में revision करना useful है।
National Waterways / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग
According to the source, the National Waterways Act, 2016 declared 111 waterways as National Waterways. The book then lists the major existing waterways.
स्रोत के अनुसार National Waterways Act, 2016 के तहत 111 waterways को National Waterways घोषित किया गया। Book प्रमुख existing waterways की list देता है।
NW-1 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-1
Route: Allahabad to Haldia
River: Ganga
Length: 1620 km.
मार्ग: Allahabad से Haldia
नदी: Ganga
लंबाई: 1620 km।
NW-2 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-2
Route: Sadia to Dhubri
River: Brahmaputra
Length: 891 km.
NW-3 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-3
Route: Kollam to Kottapuram along Champakara and Udyogmandal Canal
Length: 168 km.
NW-4 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-4
Route: Kakinada to Marakkanam
Rivers: Godavari and Krishna
Length: 1095 km.
NW-5 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-5
Route: Mangalgarhi to Paradeep and Talcher to Dhamara
Rivers: Mahanadi and Brahmani
Length: 623 km.
NW-6 / राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग-6
Route: Lakhipur to Bhanga
River: Barak
Length: 121 km.
Major Ports of India / भारत के प्रमुख बंदरगाह
The source gives a list of 13 major ports divided between the Western and Eastern Coasts and also attaches one-line identifying features to several ports.
स्रोत 13 major ports को Western और Eastern Coasts में divide करता है और कई ports के साथ one-line identifying features देता है।
Western Coast Ports / पश्चिमी तट के बंदरगाह
- Kandla, Gujarat: Called the 'child of partition' in the source. Renamed Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Port in 2017.
- Mumbai, Maharashtra: Described as the busiest and biggest port.
- J.L. Nehru Port, Maharashtra: Described as the fastest growing.
- Marmugao, Goa: Also associated with a naval base.
- Mangalore, Karnataka: Exports Kudremukh iron ore.
- Cochin, Kerala: Natural harbour.
Eastern Coast and Island Ports / पूर्वी तट एवं द्वीपीय बंदरगाह
- Paradip, Odisha: Exports raw iron to Japan.
- Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh: Described as the deepest port.
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Described as the oldest and artificial port.
- Ennore, Tamil Nadu: Described as the most modern and in private hands.
- Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu: Described as the southernmost port.
- Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Strategically important.
- Enayam Port: Tamil Nadu.
Air Transport in India / भारत में वायु परिवहन
Tata Air Lines / टाटा एयर लाइंस
The source states that Tata Air Lines started operations in 1935 between Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram and in 1937 between Mumbai and Delhi.
स्रोत के अनुसार Tata Air Lines ने 1935 में Mumbai और Thiruvananthapuram के बीच तथा 1937 में Mumbai और Delhi के बीच operations शुरू किए।
Nationalisation of Airlines / एयरलाइंस का राष्ट्रीयकरण
In 1953, private airline companies were nationalised and Indian Airlines and Air India came into existence.
1953 में private airline companies nationalised की गईं और Indian Airlines तथा Air India अस्तित्व में आए।
Airports Authority of India / भारतीय विमानपत्तन प्राधिकरण
The source states that the International Airports Authority of India and National Airports Authority were merged in 1995 to form the Airports Authority of India.
स्रोत के अनुसार International Airports Authority of India और National Airports Authority को 1995 में merge कर Airports Authority of India बनाया गया।
Important International Airports / प्रमुख अंतरराष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डे
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport → Hyderabad
- Calicut International Airport → Calicut
- Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport → Mumbai
- Kempe Gowda International Airport → Bengaluru
- Goa Airport → Vasco da Gama City, Goa
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport → Kolkata
- Thiruvananthapuram International Airport → Thiruvananthapuram
- Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport → Guwahati
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport → Ahmedabad
- Indira Gandhi International Airport → Delhi
- Chennai International Airport → Chennai
- Shri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport → Amritsar
- Pakyong Airport → Sikkim; described as first greenfield airport in the Northeast region
Bharat Mala / भारतमाला
The source describes Bharat Mala as a major highway, economic corridor and expressway development scheme launched in 2015. It calls it the biggest road construction plan in the country and gives an approximate size of 83,677 km.
स्रोत Bharat Mala को 2015 में launched major highway, economic corridor और expressway development scheme बताता है। Book इसे country का biggest road construction plan कहता है और approximate length 83,677 km देता है।
Quick Revision / त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
- NH 10 → Siliguri-Gangtok
- NH 44 → Srinagar-Kanyakumari
- NW-1 → Ganga → Allahabad-Haldia
- NW-2 → Brahmaputra → Sadia-Dhubri
- NW-6 → Barak → Lakhipur-Bhanga
- Kandla → Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Port
- Visakhapatnam → Deepest port in source
- Chennai → Oldest and artificial port in source
- Cochin → Natural harbour
- Air India and Indian Airlines → 1953 nationalisation
- Airports Authority of India → 1995 merger
- Pakyong Airport → Sikkim