National Movement 1927-1932 / राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन 1927-1932
The period from the Simon Commission to the Poona Pact saw major constitutional and mass-political developments. The source covers the Simon Commission, Nehru Report, Lahore Session, Purna Swaraj, Dandi March, Civil Disobedience Movement, Round Table Conferences, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Communal Award and Poona Pact.
Simon Commission से Poona Pact तक का काल constitutional और mass-political developments से भरा था। स्रोत Simon Commission, Nehru Report, Lahore Session, Purna Swaraj, Dandi March, Civil Disobedience Movement, Round Table Conferences, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Communal Award और Poona Pact का विवरण देता है।
Simon Commission (1927) / साइमन कमीशन 1927
The source states that the Commission was constituted under John Simon to review India's political situation and suggest further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy.
स्रोत के अनुसार John Simon के नेतृत्व में Commission बनाया गया ताकि India की political situation की review की जा सके और further reforms तथा parliamentary democracy के extension पर सुझाव दिए जाएँ।
Indian leaders opposed the Commission because it had no Indian member and raised the slogan 'Simon Go Back'.
Commission में कोई Indian member न होने के कारण Indian leaders ने इसका विरोध किया और 'Simon Go Back' slogan दिया।
Lala Lajpat Rai / लाला लाजपत राय
The source states that Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi charge at Lahore and later died.
स्रोत के अनुसार Lahore में lathi charge के दौरान Lala Lajpat Rai गंभीर रूप से घायल हुए और बाद में उनकी death हुई।
Nehru Report (1928) / नेहरू रिपोर्ट 1928
After boycotting the Simon Commission, political parties formed a committee under Motilal Nehru to determine principles for a Constitution of India.
Simon Commission के boycott के बाद political parties ने Motilal Nehru के chairmanship में committee बनाई ताकि Constitution of India के principles तय किए जा सकें।
Lahore Session (1929) / लाहौर अधिवेशन 1929
On 19 December 1929, under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the INC declared Purna Swaraj or complete independence as its ultimate goal.
19 December 1929 को Jawaharlal Nehru की presidentship में INC ने Purna Swaraj अर्थात complete independence को ultimate goal घोषित किया।
First Independence Day / प्रथम स्वतंत्रता दिवस
The tricolour was unfurled on 31 December 1929 and 26 January 1930 was fixed as the First Independence Day according to the source.
31 December 1929 को tricolour unfurl किया गया और स्रोत के अनुसार 26 January 1930 को First Independence Day के रूप में निर्धारित किया गया।
Dandi March (1930) / दांडी मार्च 1930
The Dandi March is also called the Salt Satyagraha.
Dandi March को Salt Satyagraha भी कहा जाता है।
Gandhiji started from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 for Dandi to break the Salt Law.
Gandhiji ने Salt Law तोड़ने के लिए 12 March 1930 को Sabarmati Ashram से Dandi की यात्रा शुरू की।
By picking up a handful of salt, he inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement according to the source.
स्रोत के अनुसार handful of salt उठाकर उन्होंने Civil Disobedience Movement का उद्घाटन किया।
Civil Disobedience Movement / सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन
The source highlights countrywide mass participation by women.
स्रोत women की countrywide mass participation का विशेष उल्लेख करता है।
Garhwal soldiers refused to fire on people at Peshawar.
Garhwal soldiers ने Peshawar में लोगों पर firing करने से इनकार किया।
First Round Table Conference / प्रथम गोलमेज सम्मेलन
The source states that the First Round Table Conference opened in London on 12 November 1930 and was the first conference arranged between the British and Indians as equals.
स्रोत के अनुसार First Round Table Conference 12 November 1930 को London में शुरू हुआ और इसे British तथा Indians के बीच equals के रूप में आयोजित first conference बताया गया है।
Hindu Mahasabha and Muslim League participated, but the Congress was absent.
Hindu Mahasabha और Muslim League ने participate किया, जबकि Congress absent थी।
Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) / गांधी-इरविन समझौता 1931
Lord Irwin's government and the INC under Gandhiji signed the pact on 5 March 1931.
Lord Irwin की government और Gandhiji के नेतृत्व वाली INC ने 5 March 1931 को pact sign किया।
The INC agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
INC ने Civil Disobedience Movement को call off करने और Second Round Table Conference में participate करने पर सहमति दी।
The government allowed coastal villagers to make salt for consumption and released political prisoners according to the source. The Karachi Session of Congress in 1931 endorsed the pact.
स्रोत के अनुसार government ने coastal villagers को consumption के लिए salt बनाने की अनुमति दी और political prisoners को release किया। 1931 के Karachi Session ने pact को endorse किया।
Second Round Table Conference (1931) / द्वितीय गोलमेज सम्मेलन
Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.
Gandhiji ने INC को represent किया और London जाकर British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald से मिले।
The conference failed due to disagreement over communal representation and the broader Indian demand for freedom, according to the source.
स्रोत के अनुसार communal representation और Indian demand for freedom पर disagreement के कारण conference failed हुआ।
Communal Award – 16 August 1932 / कम्युनल अवॉर्ड – 16 अगस्त 1932
Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award.
Communal Award Ramsay MacDonald ने announce किया।
The source states that it provided communal representation for the depressed classes, Sikhs and Muslims.
स्रोत के अनुसार इसमें depressed classes, Sikhs और Muslims के लिए communal representation का provision था।
Gandhiji opposed it and began a fast unto death in Yeravada Jail, Pune.
Gandhiji ने इसका विरोध किया और Yeravada Jail, Pune में fast unto death शुरू किया।
Poona Pact – 25 September 1932 / पूना पैक्ट – 25 सितंबर 1932
The source calls it the Gandhi-Ambedkar Pact.
स्रोत इसे Gandhi-Ambedkar Pact भी कहता है।
The idea of a separate electorate for depressed classes was abandoned, but reserved seats in provincial legislatures were increased.
Depressed classes के लिए separate electorate का idea छोड़ दिया गया, लेकिन Provincial Legislatures में reserved seats बढ़ाई गईं।
The source states that the pact agreed on a joint electorate.
स्रोत के अनुसार pact ने joint electorate को स्वीकार किया।
Third Round Table Conference (1932) / तृतीय गोलमेज सम्मेलन
The source states that it proved fruitless because most national leaders were in prison.
स्रोत के अनुसार Third Round Table Conference fruitless रहा क्योंकि अधिकांश national leaders prison में थे।
High-Yield Revision / महत्वपूर्ण पुनरावृत्ति
- Simon Commission → 1927
- Slogan → Simon Go Back
- Nehru Report → 1928 → Motilal Nehru
- Lahore Session → 1929 → Jawaharlal Nehru
- Goal → Purna Swaraj
- 26 January 1930 → First Independence Day in source
- Dandi March → 12 March 1930
- Salt Satyagraha → Dandi March
- First Round Table Conference → 1930
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact → 5 March 1931
- Second Round Table Conference → 1931
- Communal Award → 16 August 1932
- Poona Pact → 25 September 1932
- Gandhi-Ambedkar Pact → Poona Pact
- Third Round Table Conference → 1932