National Awards and Honours of India / भारत के राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार एवं सम्मान
The source introduces Bharat Ratna, Padma Awards and major Gallantry Awards. These honours are frequently tested through questions on rank, year of institution, recipients and fields of distinction.
Source Bharat Ratna, Padma Awards तथा major Gallantry Awards को explain करता है। Competitive examinations में इनके rank, institution year, recipients तथा nature से direct questions पूछे जाते हैं।
Bharat Ratna / भारत रत्न
Bharat Ratna is described as India's highest civilian award. It was first awarded in 1954.
Bharat Ratna = India's Highest Civilian Award
Source के अनुसार Bharat Ratna first time 1954 में awarded किया गया।
Design / डिज़ाइन
The award is shaped like a peepal leaf. 'Bharat Ratna' is inscribed in Devanagari script within a Sun figure. The reverse bears 'Satyameva Jayate' and the State Emblem according to the source.
Award की shape Peepal Leaf जैसी है। Front side पर Sun figure के साथ Bharat Ratna तथा reverse side पर Satyameva Jayate और State Emblem होता है।
Bharat Ratna Winners Listed in the Source / स्रोत में दिए भारत रत्न विजेता
- Pranab Mukherjee – 2019
- Bhupen Hazarika – 2019
- Nanaji Deshmukh – 2019
- Madan Mohan Malaviya – 2015
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 2015
- Sachin Tendulkar – 2014
- C.N.R. Rao – 2014
- Pandit Bhimsen Joshi – 2008
- Lata Mangeshkar – 2001
- Ustad Bismillah Khan – 2001
- Amartya Sen – 1999
- Gopinath Bordoloi – 1999
- Jayaprakash Narayan – 1999
- Pandit Ravi Shankar – 1999
- C. Subramaniam – 1998
- M.S. Subbulakshmi – 1998
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – 1997
- Aruna Asaf Ali – 1997
- Gulzarilal Nanda – 1997
- J.R.D. Tata – 1992
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – 1992
- Satyajit Ray – 1992
- Morarji Desai – 1991
- Rajiv Gandhi – 1991
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – 1991
- Dr B.R. Ambedkar – 1990
- Nelson Mandela – 1990
- M.G. Ramachandran – 1988
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan – 1987
- Acharya Vinoba Bhave – 1983
- Mother Teresa – 1980
- K. Kamaraj – 1976
- V.V. Giri – 1975
- Indira Gandhi – 1971
- Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1966
- P.V. Kane – 1963
- Dr Zakir Hussain – 1963
- Dr Rajendra Prasad – 1962
- Dr B.C. Roy – 1961
- Purushottam Das Tandon – 1961
- D.K. Karve – 1958
- Govind Ballabh Pant – 1957
- Dr Bhagwan Das – 1955
- Jawaharlal Nehru – 1955
- M. Visvesvaraya – 1955
- C. Rajagopalachari – 1954
- C.V. Raman – 1954
- S. Radhakrishnan – 1954
Padma Awards / पद्म पुरस्कार
Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 and are announced every year on Republic Day according to the source.
Padma Awards 1954 में instituted हुए और source के अनुसार Republic Day के occasion पर announce किए जाते हैं।
Three Padma Awards / तीन पद्म पुरस्कार
- Padma Vibhushan: Second highest National Award in source; for exceptional and distinguished service.
- Padma Bhushan: Third highest National Award; for distinguished service.
- Padma Shri: Fourth highest award; for distinguished service.
Gallantry Awards / वीरता पुरस्कार
Param Vir Chakra / परमवीर चक्र
The source describes Param Vir Chakra as the highest decoration for valour and bravery in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. The medal is made of bronze.
Param Vir Chakra source के अनुसार highest gallantry decoration है। यह enemy के presence में exceptional bravery और self-sacrifice के लिए दिया जाता है।
Maha Vir Chakra / महावीर चक्र
Maha Vir Chakra is described as the second-highest gallantry award for conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy. The source states that the medal is made of standard silver.
Exam-Oriented Ranking / परीक्षा के लिए क्रम
- Bharat Ratna → Highest Civilian Award
- Padma Vibhushan → Second highest national civilian honour in source
- Padma Bhushan → Third
- Padma Shri → Fourth
- Param Vir Chakra → Highest Gallantry Award
- Maha Vir Chakra → Second highest Gallantry Award