Computer Security Threats / कंप्यूटर सुरक्षा खतरे
The source discusses common security threats such as worms, spam, spyware, malware and computer viruses. Understanding the difference between these terms is important for computer-awareness questions.
Computer Awareness में Virus, Worm, Malware, Spyware, Spam तथा Antivirus से direct questions frequently पूछे जाते हैं। इन terms के differences को clearly समझना useful है।
Worm / वर्म
A worm is a self-contained program and does not need to be part of another program to propagate itself.
Worm एक self-contained program है जो स्वयं propagate कर सकता है और दूसरे program का part होना आवश्यक नहीं है।
Spam / स्पैम
Spam is an unsolicited message sent over the Internet, often as email, to large numbers of users.
Internet पर large number of users को भेजे गए unsolicited messages को Spam कहा जाता है।
The source associates spam with purposes such as advertising, phishing and spreading malware.
Spyware / स्पाइवेयर
Spyware is malicious software installed on a computer that collects information about users without their knowledge and may transmit it to another entity.
Spyware malicious software है जो user की knowledge के बिना information collect कर सकता है तथा उसे दूसरे entity तक भेज सकता है।
Malware / मैलवेयर
Malware is software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer system.
Computer system को disrupt या damage करने के उद्देश्य से designed software को Malware कहते हैं।
The source treats malware as a broad category including computer viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses and other malicious or unwanted software.
Computer Virus / कंप्यूटर वायरस
A computer virus is described as a program or piece of code that gets loaded onto a computer without the user's knowledge and replicates itself.
Computer Virus ऐसा program या code है जो user की knowledge के बिना computer में load होकर replicate कर सकता है।
Virus Examples Listed in Source / स्रोत में दिए उदाहरण
- Creeper
- Stuxnet
- Melissa
- Conficker
- Code Red
- SQL Slammer
- Nimda – source notes that the name is derived from 'Admin'
Antivirus / एंटीवायरस
Antivirus is software consisting of programs designed to identify, detect and prevent malware.
Antivirus computer programs का ऐसा set है जो malware को identify, detect और prevent करने का प्रयास करता है।
Virus vs Worm / वायरस एवं वर्म
The source distinction is useful for exams: a worm is self-contained and independently propagates, whereas a virus is described as code that loads onto the system and replicates itself.
Exam Revision / परीक्षा पुनरावृत्ति
- Worm → Self-contained program
- Spam → Unsolicited Internet message
- Spyware → Secretly collects user information
- Malware → Broad term for malicious software
- Virus → Replicating malicious code/program
- Antivirus → Detects and prevents malware