General Properties of Matter / पदार्थ के सामान्य गुण
The source discusses elasticity, pressure, Pascal's Law, Archimedes' Principle and laws of floatation along with several everyday applications.
Source Elasticity, Pressure, Pascal's Law, Archimedes' Principle तथा Laws of Floatation को everyday applications के साथ explain करता है।
Elasticity / प्रत्यास्थता
Elasticity is the property by virtue of which a body regains its original shape and size after removal of the deforming force.
किसी body का deforming force remove होने के बाद original shape और size regain करना Elasticity कहलाता है।
A force that changes the configuration of a body is called a deforming force.
Source states that steel is more elastic than rubber.
Source के अनुसार Steel, Rubber से अधिक elastic है।
Pressure / दाब
Pressure is force acting normally per unit area of a surface.
Pressure = Force / Area
Pressure surface के unit area पर normally acting force है। इसकी unit N/m² है और source इसे scalar quantity बताता है।
Atmospheric Pressure and Barometer / वायुमंडलीय दाब एवं बैरोमीटर
Atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer.
Atmospheric Pressure को Barometer से measure किया जाता है।
- Sudden fall in barometric reading → Indication of storm
- Slow fall → Indication of rain
- Slow rise → Indication of clear weather
Pascal's Law / पास्कल का नियम
The pressure exerted at a point in a confined liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions throughout the liquid.
Confined liquid के किसी point पर exerted pressure liquid में सभी directions में equally और undiminished transmit होता है।
Applications / अनुप्रयोग
- Hydraulic Lift
- Hydraulic Press
- Hydraulic Brakes
Archimedes' Principle / आर्किमिडीज का सिद्धांत
When a body is immersed partly or wholly in a liquid, its apparent loss of weight equals the weight of the liquid displaced by it.
जब body को liquid में partly या wholly immerse किया जाता है तो body के apparent weight में loss displaced liquid के weight के equal होता है।
Why Does a Ship Float? / जहाज क्यों तैरता है?
The source explains that an iron ball displaces water weighing less than itself and therefore sinks, whereas the immersed portion of a ship displaces water equal to its weight and therefore the ship floats.
Laws of Floatation / प्लवन के नियम
- A body can float if its material density is less than or equal to the density of the liquid.
- If body density equals liquid density, it can remain fully submerged in neutral equilibrium.
- In neutral equilibrium, weight of the body equals weight of displaced liquid.
Atmospheric Pressure at High Altitude / ऊँचाई पर वायुमंडलीय दाब
The source states that atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
Altitude बढ़ने पर Atmospheric Pressure decrease होता है।
Consequences Listed in the Source / स्रोत में दिए गए प्रभाव
- Cooking becomes difficult on mountains.
- Fountain pens may leak in aeroplanes.
- Nose bleeding may occur.
- Breathing becomes difficult because of lower partial pressure of oxygen.
- Water boils below 100°C at high altitude.