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UPSC 2027 PREPARATION

Vitamin D: Sources, Sunlight Synthesis, Functions, Deficiency, Rickets and Osteomalacia

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Vitamin D | विटामिन D

Why in News? | चर्चा में क्यों?

Vitamin D returned to attention after clinical research examined whether personalised vitamin D supplementation guided by blood testing could influence cardiovascular outcomes in selected patients.

Clinical research में blood testing के आधार पर personalised vitamin D supplementation और cardiovascular outcomes के बीच संबंध का अध्ययन किए जाने के कारण Vitamin D चर्चा में रहा।

What is Vitamin D? | Vitamin D क्या है?

Vitamin D, also called calciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is naturally present in only a limited number of foods, can be added to fortified foods and is also available as a dietary supplement.

Vitamin D, जिसे calciferol भी कहा जाता है, एक fat-soluble vitamin है। यह प्राकृतिक रूप से सीमित foods में पाया जाता है, fortified foods में जोड़ा जा सकता है और dietary supplement के रूप में भी उपलब्ध है।

Sunlight and Vitamin D | सूर्यप्रकाश और Vitamin D

The human body can synthesise vitamin D when ultraviolet-B radiation from sunlight reaches the skin and triggers chemical conversion of vitamin D precursors.

मानव शरीर sunlight की ultraviolet-B radiation त्वचा पर पड़ने के बाद vitamin D precursors के chemical conversion के माध्यम से Vitamin D का निर्माण कर सकता है।

Natural Food Sources | प्राकृतिक खाद्य स्रोत

Relatively few foods naturally contain substantial vitamin D. Important sources include fatty fish, fish-liver oils, egg yolk and some mushrooms.

बहुत कम foods प्राकृतिक रूप से पर्याप्त Vitamin D प्रदान करते हैं। Fatty fish, fish-liver oils, egg yolk और कुछ mushrooms इसके महत्वपूर्ण sources हैं।

Fortified Foods | Fortified Foods

Milk, cereals, infant formula, yoghurt and some beverages may be fortified with vitamin D in different countries to improve population intake.

Population intake बढ़ाने के लिए विभिन्न देशों में milk, cereals, infant formula, yoghurt और कुछ beverages को Vitamin D से fortified किया जाता है।

Role in Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism | Calcium और Phosphorus में भूमिका

Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and helps maintain appropriate calcium and phosphorus levels needed for normal mineralisation of bones and teeth.

Vitamin D intestine में calcium absorption बढ़ाता है और bones तथा teeth के normal mineralisation के लिए आवश्यक calcium और phosphorus levels बनाए रखने में सहायता करता है।

Other Biological Roles | अन्य जैविक भूमिकाएँ

Vitamin D also influences muscle function, immune responses, inflammation and cellular processes. However, claims about using vitamin D to prevent or treat specific diseases should be based on clinical evidence and medical guidance.

Vitamin D muscle function, immune responses, inflammation और cellular processes को भी प्रभावित करता है। किसी specific disease की prevention या treatment के लिए Vitamin D के उपयोग के दावे clinical evidence और medical guidance पर आधारित होने चाहिए।

Vitamin D Deficiency | Vitamin D की कमी

Severe or prolonged deficiency reduces calcium and phosphorus absorption. In children it can cause rickets, while in adults it may cause osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to reduced bone strength.

Severe अथवा prolonged Vitamin D deficiency calcium और phosphorus absorption को कम करती है। बच्चों में इससे rickets और adults में osteomalacia हो सकता है। यह bone strength को भी कम कर सकती है।

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism | द्वितीयक हाइपरपैराथायरॉइडिज्म

Low calcium absorption caused by prolonged vitamin D deficiency can stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Prolonged Vitamin D deficiency के कारण calcium absorption कम होने पर parathyroid hormone secretion बढ़ सकता है, जिससे secondary hyperparathyroidism हो सकता है।

Risk Factors | जोखिम कारक

  • Limited sunlight exposure / कम sunlight exposure
  • Darker skin pigmentation / अधिक skin pigmentation
  • Older age / अधिक आयु
  • Malabsorption disorders / malabsorption disorders
  • Some liver or kidney disorders / कुछ liver या kidney disorders

Important Dates | महत्वपूर्ण तिथियाँ

  • 1919: Experiments demonstrated that ultraviolet light could prevent or cure rickets in experimental settings. / UV light और rickets के संबंध पर महत्वपूर्ण experiments सामने आए।
  • 1922: The anti-rickets nutrient was named Vitamin D. / Anti-rickets nutrient को Vitamin D नाम दिया गया।



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