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Chapter 1 📘 परिमेय संख्याएँ (Rational Numbers)

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📘 परिमेय संख्याएँ (Rational Numbers) – Notes

🔹 1. परिचय (Introduction)

Hindi:

परिमेय संख्या वह संख्या है जिसे pq\frac{p}{q}qp​ के रूप में लिखा जा सके, जहाँ p और q पूर्णांक हों तथा q≠0q \neq 0q=0 हो।

English:

A rational number is a number that can be written in the form pq\frac{p}{q}qp​, where p and q are integers and q≠0q \neq 0q=0.

Examples:

4/5, 2/3, -7/8, 6


🔹 2. महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य (Important Facts)

Hindi:

प्रत्येक पूर्ण संख्या एक परिमेय संख्या होती है।

प्रत्येक दशमलव संख्या (terminating) भी परिमेय होती है।

हर परिमेय संख्या पूर्ण संख्या नहीं होती।

English:

Every integer is a rational number.

Every terminating decimal is rational.

Not every rational number is an integer.


🔹 3. मानक रूप (Standard Form)

Hindi:

परिमेय संख्या को सरलतम रूप में लिखा जाता है।

हर बार हर (denominator) को धनात्मक रखा जाता है।

English:

A rational number is written in simplest form.

Denominator is always taken positive.


🔹 4. परिमेय संख्याओं का योग (Addition)

✔ Same Denominator

a/b+c/b=(a+c)/b

✔ Different Denominator

LCM लेकर:

a/b+c/d=(ad+bc)/bd


🔹 5. परिमेय संख्याओं का अंतर (Subtraction)

ab−cd=(ad−bc)/bd


🔹 6. गुणधर्म (Properties)

✔ (i) बंद गुण (Closure Property)

Hindi:

दो परिमेय संख्याओं का योग/अंतर भी परिमेय संख्या होता है।

English:

Sum or difference of two rational numbers is always rational.


✔ (ii) क्रमविनिमेय (Commutative Property)

Addition:

pq+rs=rs+pq

Hindi: योग क्रम बदलने पर समान रहता है।

English: Order does not matter in addition.

Subtraction is NOT commutative


✔ (iii) सहचर्य (Associative Property)

pq+(mn+rs)=(pq+mn)+rs

Hindi: समूह बदलने से योग नहीं बदलता।

English: Grouping does not change the sum.

Subtraction is NOT associative


✔ (iv) योगात्मक तत्त्व (Additive Identity)

a+0=a + 0 = a+0=a

Hindi: 0 जोड़ने पर संख्या नहीं बदलती।

English: Adding 0 does not change the number.


✔ (v) योगात्मक प्रतिलोम (Additive Inverse)

pq+(−pq)=0

Hindi: किसी संख्या का विपरीत जोड़ने पर 0 मिलता है।

English: A number plus its negative gives 0.


🔹 7. हल करने के महत्वपूर्ण Steps

Hindi + English Mixed (Exam Use):

LCM निकालो (Find LCM)

Numerator adjust करो

Add/Subtract करो

Simplify करो


🔹 8. Example Type Questions

✔ Example 1

3/8+4/7=53/56

✔ Example 2

−12+23=16


🔹 9. Word Problems Concept

Type 1:

Sum given → find one number

Type 2:

Difference given → find missing number

Formula:

Missing number = Total − Given

Missing number = Total + Opposite


🔹 10. Short Revision Points (VERY IMPORTANT)

Hindi:

हर integer → rational

हर terminating decimal → rational

Addition → commutative + associative

Subtraction → NOT commutative

0 → identity

Negative → inverse

English:

Integers are rational

Terminating decimals are rational

Addition is commutative & associative

Subtraction is not

0 is identity

Negative is inverse

 

 

 

📘 परिमेय संख्याएँ (Rational Numbers) – Top 50 MCQs


🔹 Section 1: Basic Concept

Q1. Which of the following is a rational number?

निम्न में से कौन-सी परिमेय संख्या है?

A. √2

B. π

C. 3/5

D. √3

👉 Ans: C (3/5 एक परिमेय संख्या है)


Q2. A rational number is of the form:

परिमेय संख्या का रूप होता है:

A. p + q

B. p/q

C. √p

D. p²

👉 Ans: B (p/q जहाँ q ≠ 0)


Q3. In p/q, q cannot be:

p/q में q क्या नहीं हो सकता?

A. 1

B. -2

C. 0

D. 5

👉 Ans: C (q = 0 नहीं हो सकता)


Q4. Which is NOT a rational number?

कौन-सी परिमेय संख्या नहीं है?

A. 2

B. -5/7

C. √5

D. 0

👉 Ans: C (√5 irrational है)


Q5. Every integer is:

हर पूर्ण संख्या होती है:

A. irrational

B. rational

C. natural only

D. fraction only

👉 Ans: B (हर integer rational होता है)


🔹 Section 2: Operations

Q6. 2/3 + 1/3 = ?

👉 Ans: 1 (same denominator, 2+1 = 3/3 = 1)


Q7. 3/4 − 1/4 = ?

👉 Ans: 1/2 (3−1 = 2/4 = 1/2)


Q8. 2/5 + 3/10 = ?

👉 Ans: 7/10 (LCM = 10)


Q9. 5/6 − 1/3 = ?

👉 Ans: 1/2 (LCM = 6)


Q10. (-2/3) + (1/3) = ?

👉 Ans: -1/3 (−2 + 1 = −1)


🔹 Section 3: LCM Based

Q11. 3/8 + 4/7 = ?

👉 Ans: 53/56 (LCM = 56)


Q12. 2/9 + 4/3 = ?

👉 Ans: 14/9 (LCM = 9)


Q13. 5/12 + 7/6 = ?

👉 Ans: 19/12


Q14. 7/10 − 3/5 = ?

👉 Ans: 1/10


Q15. 4/15 + 2/3 = ?

👉 Ans: 14/15


🔹 Section 4: Properties

Q16. Addition of rational numbers is:

परिमेय संख्याओं का योग होता है:

A. Commutative

B. Not commutative

👉 Ans: A (a + b = b + a)


Q17. Subtraction is:

घटाव होता है:

👉 Ans: Not commutative (a − b ≠ b − a)


Q18. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

यह कौन-सा गुण है?

👉 Ans: Associative Property (सहचर्य गुण)


Q19. Additive identity is:

योगात्मक तत्त्व क्या है?

👉 Ans: 0 (a + 0 = a)


Q20. Additive inverse of 5/7 is:

👉 Ans: -5/7 (5/7 + (-5/7) = 0)


🔹 Section 5: Simplification

Q21. (-3/4) + (7/12) = ?

👉 Ans: -1/6


Q22. 6 + (-2/7) = ?

👉 Ans: 40/7


Q23. 2/9 + 4/7 = ?

👉 Ans: 50/63


Q24. 5/8 − 3/4 = ?

👉 Ans: -1/8


Q25. (-7/3) + (2/3) = ?

👉 Ans: -5/3


🔹 Section 6: Word Problems

Q26. Sum is -4 and one number is -3/8. Find the other.

योग -4 है और एक संख्या -3/8 है, दूसरी ज्ञात करें।

👉 Ans: -29/8


Q27. Sum is 4/5 and one number is -2/7. Find the other.

👉 Ans: 38/35


Q28. Difference is 1/9 and number is 4. Find other.

👉 Ans: 35/9


Q29. x + (-2/7) = 4/5

👉 Ans: 38/35


Q30. x − 3/4 = 1/2

👉 Ans: 5/4


🔹 Section 7: Mixed

Q31. Which is smallest?

सबसे छोटी संख्या कौन-सी है?

A. 1/2

B. 3/4

C. 2/3

👉 Ans: A


Q32. 0 is:

0 क्या है?

👉 Ans: Rational (0 = 0/1)


Q33. -5 is:

👉 Ans: Rational (−5 = −5/1)


Q34. 7.25 is:

👉 Ans: Rational (terminating decimal)


Q35. Which is irrational?

👉 Ans: √7


🔹 Section 8: Advanced

Q36. (2/5 + 3/5) + 1/5 = ?

👉 Ans: 6/5


Q37. 2/7 + (-4/9) + 5/14 = ?

👉 Ans: 19/126


Q38. (-3/11) + (2/15) = ?

👉 Ans: -23/165


Q39. 4/15 + 2/21 + 3/5 = ?

👉 Ans: 131/105


Q40. 8/9 − 4/3 + 1/6 = ?

👉 Ans: -5/18


🔹 Section 9: Identity & Inverse

Q41. Additive inverse of -3/8 is:

👉 Ans: 3/8


Q42. Identity element is:

👉 Ans: 0


Q43. a + 0 = ?

👉 Ans: a


Q44. a + (-a) = ?

👉 Ans: 0


Q45. Closure property applies to:

👉 Ans: Addition (योग में लागू होता है)


🔹 Section 10: Exam Level

Q46. 3/4 + 5/6 − 7/12 = ?

👉 Ans: 7/6


Q47. 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/6 = ?

👉 Ans: 1


Q48. (-2/5) + (-3/10) = ?

👉 Ans: -7/10


Q49. 7/8 − 9/16 = ?

👉 Ans: 5/16


Q50. 4/9 + 2/3 − 1/6 = ?

👉 Ans: 17/18

 

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