Climate and Monsoon of India / भारत की जलवायु एवं मानसून
Monsoon is one of the central topics of Indian Geography. The source defines monsoon as a type of wind system in which there is an almost complete reversal of the prevailing wind direction.
Monsoon Indian Geography के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण topics में से एक है। स्रोत Monsoon को ऐसी wind system के रूप में define करता है जिसमें prevailing wind direction का लगभग complete reversal होता है।
Types of Monsoon / मानसून के प्रकार
The source gives two main types:
- South-West Monsoon: June and July.
- North-East Monsoon: September to December.
स्रोत दो प्रमुख types बताता है—South-West Monsoon तथा North-East Monsoon।
Seasons of India / भारत की ऋतुएँ
- Winter Season: Mid-December to Mid-March.
- Summer Season: Mid-March to May.
- Rainy Season: June to September.
- Retreating Monsoon Season: October to Mid-December.
Exam में seasons की chronological order तथा duration दोनों पूछे जा सकते हैं। Winter के बाद Summer, फिर Rainy Season और उसके बाद Retreating Monsoon आता है।
Climatic Regions of India / भारत के जलवायु प्रदेश
Tropical Rain Forest Climate / उष्णकटिबंधीय वर्षावन जलवायु
Area: Western Ghats, West Coastal Plains and parts of Assam.
Characteristics: High temperature throughout the year and heavy seasonal rainfall. The source gives annual rainfall of about 200 cm, particularly May to November.
यह Western Ghats, West Coastal Plains तथा Assam के कुछ parts में पाया जाता है। पूरे year high temperature तथा heavy seasonal rainfall इसकी major characteristics हैं।
Tropical Savana Climate / उष्णकटिबंधीय सवाना जलवायु
Area: Most of the Peninsular region except the leeward side of the Western Ghats.
Characteristics: Dry winters; annual rainfall varies from approximately 76 cm to 150 cm.
यह Peninsular India के अधिकांश region में पाया जाता है। Dry winters तथा लगभग 76-150 cm annual rainfall इसकी important characteristics हैं।
Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate / उष्णकटिबंधीय अर्ध-शुष्क स्टेपी जलवायु
Area: Rain-shadow belt extending southward from Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu.
Rainfall: Approximately 38-80 cm.
Temperature: About 20-30°C.
यह Central Maharashtra से Tamil Nadu की ओर जाने वाले rain-shadow belt में पाया जाता है।
Tropical and Sub-Tropical Steppes / उष्ण एवं उपोष्ण स्टेपी
Area: Punjab, Haryana and Kachchh region.
Temperature: Approximately 12-35°C.
Tropical Desert Climate / उष्णकटिबंधीय मरुस्थलीय जलवायु
Area: Western parts of Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner districts of Rajasthan and parts of Kachchh.
Characteristics: Scanty rainfall and high temperature. The source notes that rainfall may largely occur in the form of cloudbursts.
यह Rajasthan के Barmer, Jaisalmer और Bikaner के western parts तथा Kachchh के कुछ regions में पाया जाता है। Scanty rainfall और high temperature इसकी major characteristics हैं।
Humid Sub-Tropical Climate with Dry Winters / शुष्क शीतकाल वाली आर्द्र उपोष्ण जलवायु
Area: South of the Himalayas.
Characteristics: Mild winters and extremely hot summers.
यह Himalayas के south में पाया जाता है। Mild winters तथा extremely hot summers इसकी प्रमुख विशेषताएँ हैं।
Mountain Climate / पर्वतीय जलवायु
Area: Mountainous regions, described by the source as above 6000 m or more.
Rainfall: Approximately 63.5-254 cm, mostly during the South-West Monsoon.
Exam Revision / परीक्षा पुनरावृत्ति
- Monsoon → Reversal of prevailing wind direction
- South-West Monsoon → June-July in source
- North-East Monsoon → September-December in source
- Rainy Season → June-September
- Retreating Monsoon → October-Mid December
- Tropical Rain Forest Climate → Western Ghats + West Coastal Plains + parts of Assam
- Tropical Desert → Western Rajasthan + parts of Kachchh
- Semi-Arid Steppe → Rain-shadow belt from Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu