Important Compounds in Everyday Life / दैनिक जीवन के महत्वपूर्ण यौगिक
Several chemical compounds used or encountered in everyday life are important from the competitive-examination point of view. The source discusses carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Plaster of Paris, Portland cement, mortar and concrete.
Daily life में मिलने वाले कई chemical compounds competitive exams के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं। Source में Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Plaster of Paris, Portland Cement, Mortar तथा Concrete की important information दी गई है।
Carbon Dioxide / कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड
The source describes carbon dioxide as an acidic oxide of carbon. Green plants use it during photosynthesis, and it does not support burning.
Carbon Dioxide carbon का acidic oxide है। Green plants इसे photosynthesis में use करते हैं तथा यह burning को support नहीं करती।
Lime Water Test / चूने के पानी का परीक्षण
Air and exhaled breath contain carbon dioxide. The source states that lime water turns milky when exposed to carbon dioxide-containing air or when exhaled breath is passed through it.
Air तथा exhaled breath में CO₂ होती है। Lime Water में breath pass करने पर वह milky हो जाता है।
Carbon Monoxide / कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड
The source describes carbon monoxide as a neutral oxide and states that it has much greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen—about 200 times in the book.
Source Carbon Monoxide को neutral oxide बताता है तथा इसके haemoglobin के प्रति affinity को oxygen की तुलना में लगभग 200 times अधिक बताता है।
The book warns against sleeping in an unventilated room with a fire burning because combustion can produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
बिना ventilation वाले room में fire burning रहने पर सोना dangerous हो सकता है क्योंकि combustion से carbon monoxide और carbon dioxide gases produce हो सकती हैं।
Plaster of Paris / प्लास्टर ऑफ पेरिस
Plaster of Paris is chemically calcium sulphate hemihydrate.
Formula: CaSO₄·½H₂O
Plaster of Paris का chemical name Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate है।
Preparation / निर्माण
The source states that Plaster of Paris is prepared by heating gypsum, calcium sulphate dihydrate, at 373 K.
Gypsum अर्थात Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate को 373 K पर heat करके Plaster of Paris prepare किया जाता है।
Gypsum: CaSO₄·2H₂O
Uses of Plaster of Paris / POP के उपयोग
- Plastering fractured bones / Fractured bones पर plaster
- Making toys / Toys बनाना
- Decoration materials / Decorative materials
- Making surfaces smooth / Surfaces smooth करना
Portland Cement / पोर्टलैंड सीमेंट
The source describes Portland cement as a complex mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates with a small amount of gypsum.
Portland Cement calcium के silicates तथा aluminates का complex mixture है जिसमें small amount of gypsum होता है।
Raw Materials / कच्चा माल
- Limestone / Limestone
- Clay / Clay
Composition Mentioned in Source / स्रोत में दी गई संरचना
- Calcium oxide → 50–60%
- Alumina → 5–10%
- Magnesium oxide → 2–3%
Role of Gypsum / जिप्सम की भूमिका
Gypsum is added to cement to decrease its rate of setting.
Cement की setting rate को decrease करने के लिए Gypsum add किया जाता है।
Effect of Lime / चूने का प्रभाव
According to the source, excess lime can cause cement to crack during setting, whereas insufficient lime results in weak cement.
Mortar / मोर्टार
Mortar is a mixture of sand, cement and water used for joining bricks and plastering walls.
Mortar = Sand + Cement + Water
Concrete / कंक्रीट
Concrete is a mixture of gravel, sand, cement and water. The source mentions its use in flooring and road construction.
Concrete = Gravel + Sand + Cement + Water
RCC / Reinforced Cement Concrete
The source describes RCC as concrete reinforced with steel bars and wires and mentions its use in roofs, bridges and pillars.
RCC में concrete के साथ steel bars और wires use किए जाते हैं। इसका use roofs, bridges तथा pillars के construction में होता है।