Reserve Bank of India / भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक
The Reserve Bank of India is the Central Bank of India and occupies a central position in the country's monetary and banking system. The source explains the establishment of RBI, its major functions and the quantitative and qualitative instruments used for controlling credit.
Reserve Bank of India भारत का Central Bank है और देश की monetary तथा banking system में इसका central position है। Source RBI की establishment, major functions तथा credit control के quantitative और qualitative instruments को explain करता है।
Establishment of RBI / RBI की स्थापना
According to the source, RBI was established in 1935 under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. It was nationalised in 1949.
Source के अनुसार RBI की स्थापना 1935 में Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 के अंतर्गत हुई। RBI का nationalisation 1949 में हुआ।
First Indian Governor / प्रथम भारतीय गवर्नर
The source identifies C.D. Deshmukh as the first Indian Governor of RBI.
Source C.D. Deshmukh को RBI का first Indian Governor बताता है।
Headquarters / मुख्यालय
The headquarters of RBI is in Mumbai.
RBI का headquarters Mumbai में है।
Main Purpose / प्रमुख उद्देश्य
The source states that a major purpose behind creation of RBI was regulation of money supply and credit in the country.
Source के अनुसार RBI की creation का major purpose country में money supply तथा credit को regulate करना था।
Functions of RBI / RBI के प्रमुख कार्य
- Monetary policy / मौद्रिक नीति
- Regulation and supervision of banking and non-banking financial institutions / Banking और non-banking financial institutions का regulation एवं supervision
- Debt and cash management for Central and State Governments / Centre एवं State Governments के debt और cash का management
- Foreign exchange management / Foreign exchange का management
- Current and capital account management / Current और capital account management
- Management of foreign exchange reserves / Foreign exchange reserves का management
- Currency management / Currency management
- Oversight of payment and settlement systems / Payment एवं settlement systems की देखरेख
- Developmental role / Developmental role
- Research and statistics / Research एवं statistics
Credit Control by RBI / RBI द्वारा साख नियंत्रण
The source divides credit-control methods into quantitative and qualitative measures.
Source RBI के credit-control measures को quantitative तथा qualitative categories में divide करता है।
Quantitative Credit Control / मात्रात्मक साख नियंत्रण
Quantitative methods are used to control the overall volume of credit and thereby influence inflationary and deflationary pressures.
Quantitative methods का use overall volume of credit को control करने तथा inflationary और deflationary pressures को influence करने के लिए किया जाता है।
Bank Rate / बैंक दर
Bank Rate is described in the source as the rate at which RBI provides finance to commercial banks.
Bank Rate वह rate है जिस पर RBI commercial banks को finance देता है।
Cash Reserve Ratio – CRR / नकद आरक्षित अनुपात
The source describes CRR as cash that banks deposit with RBI.
CRR के अंतर्गत banks अपनी cash का निर्धारित हिस्सा RBI के पास रखते हैं।
Statutory Liquidity Ratio – SLR / वैधानिक तरलता अनुपात
SLR is the ratio of liquid assets that commercial banks are required to maintain with themselves in the form of cash, gold and government-approved securities.
SLR के अंतर्गत commercial banks को cash, gold तथा government-approved securities के रूप में prescribed liquid assets अपने पास maintain करने होते हैं।
Repo Rate / रेपो दर
Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI lends short-term money to banks against securities.
Repo Rate वह rate है जिस पर RBI securities के against banks को short-term money lend करता है।
Reverse Repo Rate / रिवर्स रेपो दर
The source describes Reverse Repo Rate as the rate at which banks park their short-term excess liquidity with RBI.
Reverse Repo Rate वह rate है जिस पर banks अपनी short-term excess liquidity RBI के पास park करते हैं।
Qualitative or Selective Credit Control / गुणात्मक या चयनात्मक साख नियंत्रण
Qualitative measures are intended to regulate the purpose and direction of credit so that loans are not misused.
Qualitative measures का उद्देश्य credit के purpose और direction को regulate करना है ताकि loans का misuse न हो।
The source mentions credit rationing and regulation of loans for consumption among such methods.
Exam-Oriented Comparison / परीक्षा हेतु तुलना
- RBI established → 1935
- RBI Act → 1934
- Nationalisation → 1949
- First Indian Governor → C.D. Deshmukh
- Headquarters → Mumbai
- CRR → Cash maintained with RBI
- SLR → Liquid assets maintained by banks themselves
- Repo Rate → RBI lends to banks
- Reverse Repo Rate → Banks park excess liquidity with RBI