Computer Fundamentals / कंप्यूटर की मूल बातें
A computer is an electronic machine that stores, reads and processes data to produce meaningful information as output. For competitive examinations, students should clearly understand the basic functional units of a computer because questions are frequently asked on input devices, CPU, ALU, Control Unit and output devices.
Computer एक electronic machine है जो data को store, read और process करके meaningful information को output के रूप में produce करता है। Competitive examinations में Input Devices, CPU, ALU, Control Unit और Output Devices से direct questions frequently पूछे जाते हैं।
Main Components of a Computer / कंप्यूटर के मुख्य घटक
The source divides the computer system into functional components such as Input Unit, Central Processing Unit and Output Unit.
Source computer system के प्रमुख functional components के रूप में Input Unit, Central Processing Unit तथा Output Unit को explain करता है।
Input Unit / इनपुट यूनिट
Input devices are used for entering instructions and data into a computer.
Input Devices का use computer को instructions और data देने के लिए किया जाता है।
Input Devices Listed in the Book / पुस्तक में दिए गए इनपुट डिवाइस
- Keyboard / कीबोर्ड
- Mouse / माउस
- Joystick / जॉयस्टिक
- Optical Character Reader / Optical Character Reader
- CDs, as included in the source list
- Bar Code Reader / बार कोड रीडर
- Touch Screen / टच स्क्रीन
- Light Pen / लाइट पेन
- Scanner / स्कैनर
- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition – MICR
Central Processing Unit – CPU / सेंट्रल प्रोसेसिंग यूनिट
The CPU manipulates information inside a computer. The source calls it the brain of the computer and notes that it is commonly called the processor.
CPU computer के अंदर information processing का मुख्य unit है। Source CPU को Brain of the Computer कहता है तथा इसे Processor भी कहा जाता है।
Arithmetic Logic Unit – ALU / अंकगणितीय एवं तार्किक इकाई
ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
ALU सभी प्रमुख arithmetic तथा logical operations perform करता है।
Examples of Arithmetic Operations / अंकगणितीय कार्य
- Addition / जोड़
- Subtraction / घटाव
- Multiplication / गुणा
- Division / भाग
Logical operations include comparisons and decision-type operations.
Control Unit – CU / नियंत्रण इकाई
The Control Unit instructs, maintains and controls the flow of information within the computer.
Control Unit computer में information के flow को instruct, maintain तथा control करती है।
Output Unit / आउटपुट यूनिट
Output devices display or present the result after processing.
Processing के बाद result को display या present करने वाले devices Output Devices कहलाते हैं।
Output Devices Listed in Source / स्रोत में दिए उदाहरण
- Visual Display Unit – VDU
- Printer / प्रिंटर
- Monitor / मॉनिटर
- Speaker / स्पीकर
- Pen Drive, as included in the source list
Input–Process–Output Cycle / इनपुट–प्रोसेस–आउटपुट चक्र
A useful exam-oriented way to understand a computer is: data and instructions enter through input devices, the CPU processes them and the final result is delivered through output devices.
Exam के लिए इसे सरल sequence में याद करें: Input → Processing → Output। Data input device से आता है, CPU उसे process करता है और result output device के द्वारा मिलता है।
High-Yield Exam Facts / महत्वपूर्ण परीक्षा तथ्य
- Brain of Computer → CPU
- CPU is commonly called → Processor
- Arithmetic and logical operations → ALU
- Controls information flow → Control Unit
- MICR → Input technology/device listed in source
- Barcode Reader → Input Device
- Scanner → Input Device
- Monitor → Output Device
- Printer → Output Device