Earthquakes / भूकंप
An earthquake results from sudden disturbances below Earth's surface that produce vibrations or shaking in Earth's crust.
Earthquake अर्थात भूकंप Earth surface के नीचे sudden disturbance के कारण उत्पन्न vibrations या shaking है।
Magnitude and Measurement / परिमाण एवं मापन
The source states that earthquake magnitude is measured on the Richter Scale.
स्रोत के अनुसार earthquake magnitude को Richter Scale से measure किया जाता है।
Earthquake waves are recorded by a Seismograph.
Earthquake waves को Seismograph record करता है।
The intensity of shaking is measured on the Modified Mercalli Scale.
Shaking intensity को Modified Mercalli Scale पर measure किया जाता है।
Focus and Epicenter / केंद्र एवं अधिकेंद्र
Focus is the point beneath Earth's surface where the earthquake originates.
Focus वह point है जो Earth surface के नीचे स्थित होता है और जहाँ earthquake originate होता है।
Epicenter is the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus.
Epicenter Earth surface पर focus के directly ऊपर स्थित point है।
Volcanism / ज्वालामुखीयता
Volcanism refers to the sudden eruption of hot magma, gases, ash and other material from inside Earth to its surface.
Volcanism में Earth interior से hot magma, gases, ash और अन्य material का surface पर sudden eruption होता है।
Types of Volcanoes / ज्वालामुखियों के प्रकार
Active Volcanoes / सक्रिय ज्वालामुखी
Active volcanoes erupt frequently.
Active volcanoes frequently erupt करते हैं।
Examples listed → Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Etna in Sicily, Vesuvius in Italy and Stromboli in the Mediterranean Sea.
Examples → Mauna Loa, Etna, Vesuvius और Stromboli।
Dormant Volcanoes / सुप्त ज्वालामुखी
Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a considerable period.
Dormant volcanoes काफी समय से erupt नहीं हुए होते हैं।
Examples listed → Fujiyama in Japan, Krakatoa in Indonesia and Barren Island in India.
Examples → Fujiyama, Krakatoa और Barren Island।
Extinct Volcanoes / मृत ज्वालामुखी
Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for several centuries.
Extinct volcanoes कई centuries से erupt नहीं हुए होते हैं।
Example in the source → Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Example → Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh, Scotland।
Ring of Fire / रिंग ऑफ फायर
The Ring of Fire refers to the zone containing hundreds of active volcanoes around the margins of the Pacific Ocean.
Ring of Fire Pacific Ocean के edges के पास स्थित वह zone है जहाँ hundreds of active volcanoes पाए जाते हैं।
Tsunami / सुनामी
A tsunami is a large ocean wave produced by sudden movement on the ocean floor.
Tsunami ocean floor पर sudden movement के कारण उत्पन्न large ocean wave है।
Possible causes listed in the source include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater landslides.
स्रोत इसके causes में earthquake, volcanic eruption और underwater landslide का उल्लेख करता है।
High-Yield Revision / महत्वपूर्ण पुनरावृत्ति
- Earthquake magnitude → Richter Scale
- Earthquake waves → Seismograph
- Shaking intensity → Modified Mercalli Scale
- Origin below Earth → Focus
- Point above focus → Epicentre
- Active volcano → Mauna Loa
- Dormant volcano in India listed → Barren Island
- Pacific volcanic zone → Ring of Fire
- Tsunami causes → Earthquake, volcano, underwater landslide