Fire Extinguishers / अग्निशामक
The source explains that water can extinguish an ordinary fire because its vapour surrounds the burning material and cuts off the oxygen supply, inhibiting combustion.
Source के अनुसार water ordinary fire को extinguish कर सकता है क्योंकि evaporation के बाद vapour burning substance को surround करके oxygen supply को reduce करता है।
Electrical and Oil Fires / विद्युत एवं तेल की आग
The source states that water should not be used for electrical or oil fires. Water conducts electricity and is heavier than oil, so oil can float above it and continue burning.
Electrical या oil fire में water use नहीं किया जाता क्योंकि water electricity का conductor है और oil से heavier है। Oil water के ऊपर float करके burn करता रह सकता है।
The source states that carbon dioxide generated from the reaction of baking soda with acid is used for electrical or oil fires.
Quality of Petrol and Diesel / पेट्रोल एवं डीजल की गुणवत्ता
- Petrol quality → Octane Number
- Diesel quality → Cetane Number
Petrol की quality Octane Number तथा Diesel की quality Cetane Number के terms में measure की जाती है।
The source mentions TEL, Tetra Ethyl Lead, as an antiknock compound and states that higher octane number indicates better fuel quality.
Fuels / ईंधन
Substances that produce heat and light on combustion are called fuels.
Combustion पर heat और light produce करने वाले substances को Fuels कहा जाता है।
LPG Leakage Detection / LPG रिसाव की पहचान
The source states that LPG is odourless and ethyl mercaptan, a strong foul-smelling substance, is added to detect leakage.
LPG odourless gas है। Leakage detect करने के लिए इसमें foul-smelling Ethyl Mercaptan add किया जाता है।
Calorific Value / ऊष्मीय मान
The amount of heat obtained when 1 g of a fuel is burned in excess oxygen is called calorific value according to the source.
1 g fuel को excess oxygen में burn करने पर obtained heat को source Calorific Value कहता है।
Rocket Propellants / रॉकेट प्रणोदक
Fuels used in rockets are called rocket propellants. The source gives a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as a common rocket propellant.
Rocket में used fuels को Rocket Propellants कहते हैं। Source Liquid Hydrogen और Liquid Oxygen के mixture को common rocket propellant बताता है।
Important Fuel Compositions from Source / स्रोत में दिए गए महत्वपूर्ण ईंधन
Water Gas / वाटर गैस
Composition: Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen.
Source: Passing steam over red-hot coke.
Producer Gas / प्रोड्यूसर गैस
Composition: Nitrogen + Carbon Monoxide in the ratio stated as 2:1.
Source: Passing insufficient air over red-hot coke.
Coal Gas / कोल गैस
The source lists hydrogen, methane, ethylene, acetylene, carbon monoxide and nitrogen among its components.
Natural Gas / प्राकृतिक गैस
The source table gives approximately 83% methane and 16% ethane and associates it with petroleum.
LPG / द्रवीकृत पेट्रोलियम गैस
The source table lists butane and propane as components and associates LPG with oil wells.
CNG / संपीड़ित प्राकृतिक गैस
The source gives methane as the major component, approximately 95% in its table.
Biogas or Gobar Gas / बायोगैस या गोबर गैस
The source lists methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen and states that biogas is obtained from organic wastes.
Quick Revision / त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
- Petrol → Octane Number
- Diesel → Cetane Number
- Antiknock compound in source → TEL
- LPG leakage smell → Ethyl Mercaptan
- Water Gas → CO + H₂
- Major component of CNG → Methane
- Biogas → Obtained from organic wastes
- Common rocket propellant in source → Liquid H₂ + Liquid O₂