Dating Techniques / आयु निर्धारण तकनीक
Radiocarbon Dating / रेडियोकार्बन डेटिंग
The source states that radiocarbon dating is used to determine the age of carbon-bearing materials such as wood and animal fossils.
Radiocarbon Dating का use carbon-containing materials जैसे wood तथा animal fossils की age determine करने में किया जाता है।
Uranium Dating / यूरेनियम डेटिंग
Uranium dating is used to determine the age of Earth, minerals and rocks according to the source.
Uranium Dating का use Earth, minerals तथा rocks की age determine करने में किया जाता है।
Colloids / कोलॉइड
Colloids are heterogeneous solutions containing two phases: dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
Colloids heterogeneous solutions हैं जिनमें two phases होते हैं—Dispersed Phase तथा Dispersion Medium।
Tyndall Effect / टिंडल प्रभाव
The source defines the Tyndall Effect as scattering of light by colloidal particles.
Colloidal particles द्वारा light के scattering को Tyndall Effect कहा गया है।
Brownian Motion / ब्राउनियन गति
The source describes Brownian motion as zig-zag motion.
Brownian Motion colloidal particles की zig-zag motion है।
Lyophilic and Lyophobic Colloids / लायोफिलिक एवं लायोफोबिक कोलॉइड
- Lyophilic → Dispersion-medium loving
- Lyophobic → Dispersion-medium repelling
Examples of Colloids / कोलॉइड के उदाहरण
- Liquid in Gas → Aerosol → Fog, clouds, mist
- Solid in Gas → Solid aerosol → Smoke, automobile exhaust
- Gas in Liquid → Foam → Shaving cream
- Liquid in Liquid → Emulsion → Milk, face cream
- Solid in Liquid → Sol → Mud, milk of magnesia
- Gas in Solid → Foam → Foam rubber, sponge, pumice
- Liquid in Solid → Gel → Jelly, cheese, butter
- Solid in Solid → Solid sol → Milky glass, coloured gemstone
Battery / बैटरी
A battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Battery chemical energy को electrical energy में convert करती है।
Primary Batteries / प्राथमिक बैटरी
The source describes these as non-rechargeable.
Primary Batteries non-rechargeable होती हैं। Examples: Dry cell, Mercury cell.
Secondary Batteries / द्वितीयक बैटरी
Secondary batteries are rechargeable. The source gives lead storage and nickel-cadmium batteries as examples.
Secondary Batteries rechargeable होती हैं।
Battery Examples from Source / स्रोत के बैटरी उदाहरण
- Leclanche Cell → Zinc anode; graphite cathode; used in transistors and clocks.
- Mercury Cell → Used in hearing aids and cameras.
- Lead Storage Battery → Lead-based electrodes; 38% sulphuric acid solution; used in automobiles and inverters.
Electrolytic Refining / विद्युत अपघटनी परिष्करण
The source states that in electrolytic refining, the anode is made of impure metal and a strip of pure metal acts as the cathode.
Electrolytic Refining में impure metal Anode तथा pure metal की strip Cathode होती है।