United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन रूपरेखा अभिसमय
What is UNFCCC?
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the principal international framework for coordinating global action against climate change.
Objective
The Convention seeks to stabilise greenhouse-gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system while allowing ecosystems to adapt, protecting food production and enabling sustainable economic development.
Rio Earth Summit
The UNFCCC was opened for signature at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, commonly called the Rio Earth Summit.
Three Rio Conventions
The UNFCCC is one of the three major conventions associated with the Rio process. The other two are the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
Conference of the Parties
The Conference of the Parties, or COP, is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention. Parties meet regularly to review implementation and negotiate further international climate action.
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted under the UNFCCC framework in 1997. It established legally binding emission-reduction commitments for specified developed countries during commitment periods.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 under the UNFCCC. It seeks to hold the increase in global average temperature well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C.
Nationally Determined Contributions
Under the Paris Agreement, countries communicate Nationally Determined Contributions describing the climate actions and emission-reduction efforts they intend to undertake.
Role of IPCC
The UNFCCC process draws extensively on scientific assessments prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
About IPCC
The IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme to assess scientific knowledge relating to climate change.
Important Dates
- 1988: IPCC established by WMO and UNEP.
- 9 May 1992: UNFCCC text adopted.
- June 1992: UNFCCC opened for signature at the Rio Earth Summit.
- 21 March 1994: UNFCCC entered into force.
- 1995: COP1 held in Berlin.
- 11 December 1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted at COP3 in Kyoto.
- 16 February 2005: Kyoto Protocol entered into force.
- 12 December 2015: Paris Agreement adopted at COP21.
- 4 November 2016: Paris Agreement entered into force.
- 2025: COP30 was scheduled in Belém, Brazil.
UNFCCC | हिंदी में विस्तृत विवरण
UNFCCC क्या है?
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटने के लिए वैश्विक सहयोग का प्रमुख अंतरराष्ट्रीय framework है।
Rio Earth Summit
1992 के Rio Earth Summit में UNFCCC को signature के लिए खोला गया। यह Rio process से जुड़े तीन प्रमुख conventions में से एक है। अन्य दो Convention on Biological Diversity और United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification हैं।
Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Protocol को 1997 में UNFCCC framework के अंतर्गत अपनाया गया। इसने विकसित देशों के एक समूह के लिए legally binding emission-reduction commitments स्थापित किए।
Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement को 2015 में COP21 में अपनाया गया। इसका उद्देश्य global temperature rise को pre-industrial level की तुलना में 2°C से काफी नीचे रखना और इसे 1.5°C तक सीमित करने के प्रयास करना है।
IPCC
IPCC की स्थापना 1988 में WMO और UNEP द्वारा की गई थी। यह climate science का assessment करता है और इसकी reports international climate negotiations के लिए महत्वपूर्ण scientific foundation प्रदान करती हैं।
महत्वपूर्ण तिथियाँ
- 1988: IPCC की स्थापना।
- 9 मई 1992: UNFCCC adopted।
- 21 मार्च 1994: UNFCCC लागू हुआ।
- 1995: Berlin में COP1।
- 11 दिसंबर 1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted।
- 16 फरवरी 2005: Kyoto Protocol लागू।
- 12 दिसंबर 2015: Paris Agreement adopted।
- 4 नवंबर 2016: Paris Agreement लागू।