Elections in India / भारत में चुनाव
The Constitution contains important provisions relating to elections in Articles 324 to 329. The source explains the constitutional basis of the Election Commission, electoral rolls, adult suffrage, political-party registration and recognition of National and State parties.
भारतीय संविधान में elections से संबंधित important provisions Articles 324 से 329 के बीच दिए गए हैं। स्रोत Election Commission, electoral rolls, adult suffrage, political party registration तथा National और State party recognition की basic framework explain करता है।
Article 324 / अनुच्छेद 324
Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections in the Election Commission.
Article 324 के अनुसार elections की superintendence, direction और control Election Commission में vested है।
Article 325 / अनुच्छेद 325
Article 325 provides for a single electoral roll for every constituency. The source states that no person can be included or excluded from electoral rolls merely on the basis of race, religion, caste or sex.
Article 325 प्रत्येक constituency के लिए single electoral roll की व्यवस्था करता है। Race, religion, caste या sex के आधार पर electoral roll में inclusion या exclusion नहीं किया जा सकता।
Article 326 and Adult Suffrage / अनुच्छेद 326 एवं वयस्क मताधिकार
Article 326 provides that elections shall be based on adult suffrage. According to the source, every Indian citizen who is not less than 18 years of age and is otherwise eligible can be included in the electoral roll.
Article 326 elections को adult suffrage के आधार पर आयोजित करने की व्यवस्था करता है। Source के अनुसार 18 years या उससे अधिक आयु का eligible Indian citizen electoral roll में शामिल हो सकता है।
Election Commission of India / भारत निर्वाचन आयोग
The Election Commission is described in the source as an autonomous, quasi-judicial constitutional body whose principal function is to conduct free and fair elections in India.
Source Election Commission को autonomous, quasi-judicial constitutional body बताता है जिसका principal function India में free and fair elections conduct करना है।
Establishment / स्थापना
The Election Commission was established on 25 January 1950 under Article 324.
Election Commission की स्थापना 25 January 1950 को Article 324 के अंतर्गत हुई।
First Chief Election Commissioner / प्रथम मुख्य निर्वाचन आयुक्त
The first Chief Election Commissioner was Sukumar Sen.
भारत के first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen थे।
Political Party Registration / राजनीतिक दलों का पंजीकरण
The source states that the Representation of the People Act, 1951 provides for registration of political parties with the Election Commission.
स्रोत के अनुसार Representation of the People Act, 1951 political parties के Election Commission के साथ registration की व्यवस्था करता है।
National Party Recognition Criteria in the Source / स्रोत में राष्ट्रीय दल की मान्यता
The book gives the following recognition criteria:
- A party secures at least 6% of valid votes polled in four or more States in a general election to Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assemblies and additionally wins at least four Lok Sabha seats; or
- It wins at least 2% of Lok Sabha seats, stated in the source as 11 seats in a 543-member House, with members elected from at least three different States.
Source National Party recognition के लिए vote share, Lok Sabha seats तथा multi-state representation से जुड़े criteria देता है।
State Party Recognition Criteria / राज्य दल की मान्यता
The source states that a party may qualify as a State Party if it secures at least 6% of valid votes in the State in a Lok Sabha or Assembly election and wins at least two Assembly seats; or if it wins at least 3% of total Assembly seats or three seats, whichever is more.
State Party recognition के लिए source 6% valid votes + minimum Assembly seats अथवा Assembly seats के 3% जैसे criteria देता है।
Election Petitions for President and Vice-President / राष्ट्रपति एवं उपराष्ट्रपति चुनाव विवाद
The source states that election petitions concerning elections of the President and Vice-President can be filed only before the Supreme Court.
President और Vice-President के election से संबंधित petitions केवल Supreme Court में file की जा सकती हैं।
Source-Based National Party List / स्रोत में राष्ट्रीय दलों की सूची
The book, reflecting its publication context, lists eight National Parties: BJP, Congress, BSP, NCP, CPI, CPM, Trinamool Congress and National People's Party. This is a time-sensitive classification and is reproduced here as source-based material rather than a current-status claim.
Book अपने publication context में आठ National Parties list करती है—BJP, Congress, BSP, NCP, CPI, CPM, Trinamool Congress और National People's Party। यह time-sensitive classification है और यहाँ source-based study material के रूप में दी गई है।
High-Yield Revision / महत्वपूर्ण पुनरावृत्ति
- Election Commission → Article 324
- Single electoral roll → Article 325
- Adult suffrage → Article 326
- Voting age → 18 years
- Election Commission established → 25 January 1950
- First CEC → Sukumar Sen
- Political party registration → Representation of the People Act, 1951
- President/Vice-President election disputes → Supreme Court