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Fractions & Decimals Complete Notes भिन्न एवं दशमलव सम्पूर्ण नोट्स

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Fraction / भिन्न

A fraction represents a part of a whole.

भिन्न किसी सम्पूर्ण वस्तु के एक भाग को प्रदर्शित करता है।

A fraction is written as:

a/b

where:

a = Numerator / अंश

b = Denominator / हर

Example:

3/5

Here 3 is the numerator and 5 is the denominator.

यहाँ 3 अंश तथा 5 हर है।


Types of Fractions / भिन्नों के प्रकार

1. Proper Fraction / उचित भिन्न

Numerator < Denominator

अंश < हर

Examples:

2/5, 7/10, 9/11

The value of a positive proper fraction is less than 1.

धनात्मक उचित भिन्न का मान 1 से कम होता है।


2. Improper Fraction / अनुचित भिन्न

Numerator ≥ Denominator

अंश ≥ हर

Examples:

7/5, 13/8, 9/9


3. Mixed Fraction / मिश्रित भिन्न

A whole number and a proper fraction together form a mixed fraction.

पूर्ण संख्या और उचित भिन्न मिलकर मिश्रित भिन्न बनाते हैं।

Example:

2 3/5

Conversion:

2 3/5 = (2×5+3)/5

= 13/5


Improper Fraction to Mixed Fraction

अनुचित भिन्न से मिश्रित भिन्न

Example:

17/5

17 ÷ 5 = 3 remainder 2

Therefore:

17/5 = 3 2/5


Equivalent Fractions / समतुल्य भिन्न

Fractions having the same value are called equivalent fractions.

समान मान वाले भिन्नों को समतुल्य भिन्न कहते हैं।

Example:

1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6 = 5/10


Addition of Fractions / भिन्नों का जोड़

Same denominator / समान हर

3/7 + 2/7

= (3+2)/7

= 5/7

Different denominators / अलग-अलग हर

1/2 + 1/3

LCM of 2 and 3 = 6

= 3/6 + 2/6

= 5/6


Subtraction of Fractions / भिन्नों का घटाव

3/4 − 1/6

LCM = 12

= 9/12 − 2/12

= 7/12


Multiplication of Fractions / भिन्नों का गुणा

2/3 × 9/10

= 18/30

= 3/5

Whenever possible, cancel common factors before multiplying.

जहाँ संभव हो, गुणा करने से पहले समान गुणनखंडों को काट दें।


Division of Fractions / भिन्नों का भाग

To divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal.

किसी भिन्न से भाग देने के लिए उसके व्युत्क्रम से गुणा करें।

Example:

3/4 ÷ 2/5

= 3/4 × 5/2

= 15/8


Fraction of a Quantity / किसी संख्या का भिन्न

Example:

3/5 of 250

= 3/5 × 250

= 150


Comparing Fractions / भिन्नों की तुलना

Compare:

5/8 and 3/5

Cross multiplication:

5×5 = 25

3×8 = 24

Therefore:

5/8 > 3/5


Decimal Numbers / दशमलव संख्याएँ

Examples:

0.5
0.75
2.25
10.125

Place values:

0.1 = Tenths / दशांश

0.01 = Hundredths / शतांश

0.001 = Thousandths / सहस्रांश


Decimal to Fraction / दशमलव से भिन्न

0.5 = 5/10 = 1/2

0.25 = 25/100 = 1/4

0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4

0.125 = 125/1000 = 1/8

0.375 = 3/8

0.625 = 5/8

0.875 = 7/8


Important Fraction–Decimal–Percentage Values

महत्वपूर्ण भिन्न–दशमलव–प्रतिशत मान

1/2 = 0.5 = 50%

1/3 = 0.333... = 33⅓%

2/3 = 0.666... = 66⅔%

1/4 = 0.25 = 25%

3/4 = 0.75 = 75%

1/5 = 0.2 = 20%

2/5 = 0.4 = 40%

3/5 = 0.6 = 60%

4/5 = 0.8 = 80%

1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5%

3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%

5/8 = 0.625 = 62.5%

7/8 = 0.875 = 87.5%

These values are extremely useful in percentage, profit-loss, ratio and data interpretation.

ये मान प्रतिशत, लाभ-हानि, अनुपात तथा Data Interpretation में अत्यंत उपयोगी हैं।


Attempt Our Quiz : Fractions and Decimals Practice Quiz – 30 Questions


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