Build English that wins marks.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Policy effectiveness therefore depends on the alternatives available to the people whose behaviour is being targeted.
B. Urban residents can respond because buses and metro services offer practical substitutes.
C. A city successfully discourages private car use by charging high parking fees.
D. Yet transferring the same rule to a rural area may produce little benefit if public transport is unavailable.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Performance targets should therefore be designed with attention to possible unintended responses.
B. Such incentives can distort behaviour even when the original target was intended to improve performance.
C. Staff may then face pressure to release patients earlier than is medically ideal.
D. A hospital is evaluated mainly on how quickly patients are discharged.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. This means that the observed relationship may partly reflect the characteristics of the people who choose the treatment.
B. Researchers should therefore control for such confounding factors before claiming a causal effect.
C. A health study finds that people taking a particular supplement exercise more frequently.
D. More health-conscious individuals may be both more likely to take the supplement and more likely to exercise.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Administrators later change the weight assigned to that score.
B. A ranking system gives substantial weight to one particular examination score.
C. As a result, the ranking can change even when no school’s actual performance changes.
D. Users should therefore distinguish changes in measurement rules from changes in real performance.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Businesses maintain inventories so that temporary supply disruptions do not stop production.
B. Keeping too little stock, on the other hand, can leave production highly vulnerable.
C. Nevertheless, keeping too much stock ties up money and increases storage costs.
D. Inventory management therefore involves balancing resilience against the cost of holding unused stock.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Employees initially spend time learning the system and adjusting their routines.
B. This can make short-term performance look worse even when the reform improves long-term efficiency.
C. Evaluators should therefore allow for transition costs when judging early results.
D. A company introduces new software intended to improve productivity.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Environmental policy often tries to make such external costs part of economic decisions.
B. A factory pays for fuel, labour and raw materials used in production.
C. The visible price therefore understates the full social cost of the activity.
D. Nearby residents, however, may bear health costs caused by the factory’s pollution.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Financial markets often respond immediately to major policy announcements.
B. The announcement, however, may coincide with new economic data or other important news.
C. Researchers studying market reactions should consequently account for competing events occurring in the same period.
D. It may therefore be difficult to determine whether the change was caused by the announcement or by information that became public at the same time.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. After digitisation, many transactions that had previously gone unrecorded begin appearing in official statistics.
B. Analysts should therefore distinguish improvements in measurement from genuine growth in the underlying activity.
C. A government digitises records that were previously maintained manually.
D. This makes historical comparison difficult unless changes in the recording system are understood.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Evaluators should consequently examine dropout patterns before attributing the full increase to training.
B. The resulting improvement may therefore reflect both the intervention and the changing composition of participants.
C. Participants who struggle the most are also the most likely to stop attending.
D. A voluntary training programme reports rising average test scores over several months.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. As a result, the reform may appear unsuccessful even though it prevents conditions from becoming worse.
B. Evaluation should therefore compare actual outcomes with a credible counterfactual rather than with the starting point alone.
C. Policy success is often judged by whether visible conditions improve after implementation.
D. In some cases, however, the relevant alternative is not improvement but a much larger deterioration without intervention.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Diversification may therefore seem inefficient in normal times while becoming extremely valuable during disruption.
B. Cost minimisation can encourage firms to concentrate purchases with a small number of suppliers.
C. Such dependence becomes especially risky when all firms use the same supplier because it is currently the cheapest.
D. A failure at one supplier can then affect many businesses simultaneously.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Researchers sometimes combine several survey responses into a single index.
B. Users of the index should consequently examine how it was constructed before treating small differences as meaningful.
C. The apparent precision of the figure can therefore hide considerable uncertainty about what is actually being measured.
D. Each response may itself contain measurement error, ambiguity or subjective interpretation.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. For a poor household, the payment may cover essential food or rent, while for a wealthy household it may barely affect consumption.
B. Yet the same increase may have very different consequences when households begin from different levels of income.
C. Distributional analysis should therefore consider relative impact, not only equal absolute amounts.
D. A policy gives every household an identical cash payment.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Forecast comparison should therefore examine methodological independence as well as numerical agreement.
B. Multiple forecasts often increase confidence when they are produced independently.
C. Decision-makers may then become falsely confident because several apparently separate sources actually share the same error.
D. If those forecasts rely on the same dataset and similar assumptions, however, their errors may also be highly correlated.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Preventive programmes often require spending before any visible problem has occurred.
B. Successful prevention can make the avoided harm invisible precisely because the harmful event never happens.
C. Budget decisions should consequently not compare prevention only with immediately observable benefits.
D. The comparison may therefore underestimate the long-term benefits of prevention.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. These differences affect how effectively the same programme can be delivered.
B. Policymakers should therefore distinguish uniform rules from uniform results.
C. Local areas differ in administrative capacity, infrastructure and access to skilled personnel.
D. Consequently, a single national rule may produce uneven outcomes even when it is implemented identically everywhere.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Risk controls should therefore focus on underlying exposure rather than labels alone.
B. This may shift risk from one part of the organisation to another rather than reducing it overall.
C. Employees may respond by redesigning transactions so that the same underlying exposure appears under a different category.
D. Managers sometimes impose strict limits on a visible category of risk.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. As a result, the strongest apparent relationship may partly be created by the way the sample was selected.
B. Conclusions about the wider population therefore require caution because the sample is not representative.
C. Researchers study the relationship between work stress and illness using only hospital patients.
D. People appearing in the hospital sample are more likely to be ill by definition.

Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Reputation can therefore become an asset that outlives the conditions that originally created it.
B. A firm initially builds its reputation by consistently producing a high-quality product.
C. But once that reputation becomes established, customers may continue buying even after the original quality advantage narrows.
D. New competitors may struggle because consumers cannot easily observe quality before purchase.