2026 Current Affairs
QUESTION 1Consider the following statements regarding National Startup Day 2026:
1. It is observed every year on 16 January.
2. It was officially established in 2022.
3. According to the source, India had over 120 unicorns in 2026.
4. More than 2,00,000 startups were recognised by DPIIT as of December 2025.
5. Nearly 50% of recognised startups came from Tier-II and Tier-III cities.
6. Approximately 45% of recognised startups had at least one woman director or partner.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
National Startup Day 2026 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. यह every year 16 January को observed किया जाता है।
2. इसे officially 2022 में establish किया गया।
3. Source के अनुसार 2026 में India में 120 से अधिक unicorns थे।
4. December 2025 तक DPIIT द्वारा 2,00,000 से अधिक startups recognised थे।
5. Nearly 50% recognised startups Tier-II और Tier-III cities से थे।
6. Approximately 45% recognised startups में कम-से-कम one woman director या partner था।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyB. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyC. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All six statements are correct according to the source. National Startup Day is observed in India every year on 16 January. The source states that it was officially established in 2022 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to celebrate the spirit of entrepreneurship and recognise the contribution of startups to India's economy. The 2026 entry also highlights the rapid growth of the Indian startup ecosystem. According to the source, India had grown from only four unicorns in 2014 to more than 120 unicorns in 2026. A unicorn is described as a privately held startup valued at $1 billion or more. The source further states that more than 2,00,000 startups were recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, or DPIIT, as of December 2025. The geographical spread of the startup ecosystem is also highlighted. Nearly 50 percent of recognised startups are stated to be from Tier-II and Tier-III cities, demonstrating growth beyond the major metropolitan centres. The source also gives an inclusivity indicator: approximately 45 percent of recognised startups have at least one woman director or partner. These statistics make the topic particularly useful for statement-based examinations. Students should remember: National Startup Day → 16 January → established 2022 → entrepreneurship → 4 unicorns in 2014 to 120+ in 2026 → 2 lakh+ DPIIT-recognised startups by Dec 2025 → ~50% Tier-II/Tier-III → ~45% with woman director/partner. Since statements 1 through 6 all align with the source, option D is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding National Youth Day:
1. It is celebrated every year on 12 January.
2. It commemorates the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
3. National Youth Day began in 1985.
4. Swami Vivekananda was born on 12 January 1863 in Kolkata.
5. He gained international recognition through his 1893 speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
National Youth Day के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. यह every year 12 January को celebrated किया जाता है।
2. यह Swami Vivekananda की birth anniversary को commemorate करता है।
3. National Youth Day 1985 में शुरू हुआ।
4. Swami Vivekananda का जन्म 12 January 1863 को Kolkata में हुआ।
5. उन्हें 1893 में Chicago के Parliament of the World's Religions में speech से international recognition मिला।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. National Youth Day is observed every year on 12 January in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. The source states that the observance began in 1985 after the Government of India declared 12 January as a day to honour Vivekananda's birth anniversary and encourage young Indians to connect with his teachings and contribute actively to nation-building. The source also provides important biographical facts about Swami Vivekananda. He was born on 12 January 1863 in Kolkata and was a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. He gained international recognition through his landmark 1893 speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago. Competitive examinations often combine the current observance with these static biographical facts. Students should therefore remember the date-person-year-event relationship: 12 January → National Youth Day → Swami Vivekananda; 1863 → birth year; Kolkata → birthplace; Ramakrishna Paramahamsa → guru; 1893 → Chicago Parliament of the World's Religions; 1985 → beginning of National Youth Day observance according to the source. The broader objective of the day is to inspire young people through Vivekananda's teachings and encourage their active role in nation-building. Statement 1 correctly identifies the date. Statement 2 identifies the personality commemorated. Statement 3 correctly gives the start year. Statement 4 provides the birth details, and statement 5 correctly gives the Chicago speech association. Therefore all five statements are correct and option D is the answer.
Earth's Rotation Day, observed annually on 8 January, commemorates the famous 1851 experiment of which physicist?
8 January को observed Earth's Rotation Day किस physicist के famous 1851 experiment को commemorate करता है?A. Léon FoucaultB. Isaac NewtonC. Galileo GalileiD. Johannes Kepler
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Léon Foucault. According to the source, Earth's Rotation Day is observed annually on 8 January and honours the 1851 experiment of French physicist Léon Foucault. His famous pendulum experiment provided definitive empirical evidence of the Earth's rotation. The observance aims to increase public understanding of Earth's continual spinning on its axis and the effects of that rotation on everyday life, climate and natural phenomena. The source explains that Earth's rotation is essential for the day-night cycle and also influences climate and wind patterns. The historical significance of Foucault's Pendulum lies in the fact that it visually demonstrated the rotation of Earth rather than merely presenting the idea as a theoretical proposition. The source also notes that concepts of Earth rotating can be traced back to Greek philosophers around 470 BC, but empirical support remained inadequate until the nineteenth century. This distinction between an ancient idea and later experimental proof can be useful in statement-based questions. For examination revision, remember the sequence: Earth's Rotation Day → 8 January → Léon Foucault → French physicist → 1851 experiment → Foucault Pendulum → empirical evidence of Earth's rotation → rotation causes day-night cycle and affects wind/climate → conceptual origins around 470 BC. Students should not confuse Earth's Rotation Day with Earth Day or other environmental observances. Since the question asks the physicist whose 1851 experiment is commemorated, option A, Léon Foucault, is correct.
What was the theme of the 9th National Siddha Day in 2026?
2026 में 9th National Siddha Day का theme क्या था?A. Siddha for Global HealthB. Siddha for One EarthC. Traditional Medicine for AllD. Siddha for Sustainable Living
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is 'Siddha for Global Health'. According to the source, National Siddha Day is observed in India to celebrate the birth anniversary of Sage Agathiyar, who is considered the father of Siddha medicine. The 9th National Siddha Day was scheduled for 6 January 2026, and its theme was 'Siddha for Global Health'. The theme emphasises the relevance of the Siddha system to contemporary global health concerns. The source also provides useful historical background. It states that the 8th National Siddha Day was observed on 19 December 2024. The first observance of National Siddha Day took place on 4 January 2018 following approval from the Ministry of AYUSH in 2017. These changing dates can be confusing, so students should follow the source carefully rather than assuming that every edition has always been observed on the same calendar date. For the 2026 edition, the source explicitly gives 6 January. Another important personality association is Sage Agathiyar, described as the father of Siddha medicine. Competitive examinations may ask the edition number, theme, personality or ministry. The correct revision sequence is: National Siddha Day → Sage Agathiyar → father of Siddha medicine → 9th edition → 6 January 2026 → theme 'Siddha for Global Health' → first observance 4 January 2018 → Ministry of AYUSH approval in 2017 → 8th edition 19 December 2024. Since the question asks the 2026 theme, option A is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding World Braille Day and the Braille system:
1. World Braille Day is celebrated on 4 January.
2. It commemorates the birth of Louis Braille.
3. Louis Braille was born in France and lost his sight at the age of three.
4. Braille uses six raised dots arranged in a 3 × 2 matrix.
5. Louis Braille's system was inspired by Charles Barbier de la Serre's 'night writing' system.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
World Braille Day और Braille system के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. World Braille Day 4 January को celebrated किया जाता है।
2. यह Louis Braille की birth को commemorate करता है।
3. Louis Braille France में born हुए और age three पर उनकी eyesight चली गई।
4. Braille system 3 × 2 matrix में arranged six raised dots का उपयोग करता है।
5. Louis Braille का system Charles Barbier de la Serre के 'night writing' system से inspired था।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. World Braille Day is observed globally on 4 January to commemorate the birth of Louis Braille, inventor of the tactile reading and writing code that bears his name. The source identifies Louis Braille as a Frenchman who lived from 1809 to 1852 and lost his sight at the age of three. At the age of ten, he received a scholarship to the Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris. It was there that he developed the Braille system after being inspired by an earlier military communication method known as 'night writing'. According to the source, this night-writing system was created by Charles Barbier de la Serre in 1815. It used 12 raised dots and had been developed so soldiers could communicate silently in darkness. Braille simplified the concept into a system using six raised dots arranged in a 3 × 2 matrix. Different combinations of these raised dots create distinguishable characters. The source notes that Braille can be produced using slates, Braille writers and electronic devices. It also stresses that despite artificial intelligence and voice technologies, Braille remains important for independence, especially among people who are congenitally blind. Exam revision should connect: World Braille Day → 4 January → Louis Braille → France → lost sight age 3 → Royal Institute Paris age 10 → Charles Barbier's night writing → 1815 → 12 dots → Braille → 6 dots in 3×2 matrix. Since all statements reproduce information in the source, option D is correct.
International Mind-Body Wellness Day is observed annually on which date?
International Mind-Body Wellness Day annually किस date को observed किया जाता है?A. 1 JanuaryB. 3 JanuaryC. 4 JanuaryD. 6 January
Show answer & explanation
Answer: B
The correct answer is 3 January. According to the source, International Mind-Body Wellness Day is observed annually on January 3. The observance emphasises the interconnectedness of mental and physical health and promotes an integrated understanding of overall well-being. The source explains that the day encourages balanced living, preventive healthcare and lifestyle changes designed to combat stress, poor sleep and unhealthy habits. Its approach draws inspiration from both ancient wellness traditions and modern medical science. Practices encouraged include mindfulness, physical activity, healthy eating and emotional balance. An important conceptual point in the source is that the relationship between mental and physical health is reciprocal. Modern lifestyles can contribute to stress, anxiety and depression, and these conditions may in turn contribute to physical ailments such as high blood pressure, heart disease and weakened immunity. Conversely, physical illnesses can adversely affect mood, sleep and mental clarity. Thus the observance is not framed around treating mental and physical health as separate domains but around understanding their interaction. Competitive exams may ask the date directly or test statements regarding the objective of the day. Students should distinguish it from nearby January observances: DRDO Foundation Day on 1 January, World Braille Day on 4 January, National Siddha Day on 6 January and Earth's Rotation Day on 8 January. The source's key revision chain is: International Mind-Body Wellness Day → 3 January → mental-physical interconnectedness → balanced living → preventive health → mindfulness + physical activity + healthy eating + emotional balance. Therefore option B is correct.
DRDO celebrated which Foundation Day on 1 January 2026?
DRDO ने 1 January 2026 को कौन-सा Foundation Day celebrate किया?A. 65thB. 66thC. 67thD. 68th
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
The correct answer is the 68th Foundation Day. According to the source, the Defence Research and Development Organisation, DRDO, celebrated its 68th Foundation Day on 1 January 2026 at DRDO Headquarters. During the occasion, Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh and Raksha Rajya Mantri Sanjay Seth reviewed DRDO's achievements of 2025 and its targets for 2026. DRDO Chairman Dr Samir V Kamat highlighted the organisation's role in Aatmanirbhar Bharat and in promoting self-reliance in defence technology. Scientists were encouraged to focus on next-generation areas such as cyber security, space and artificial intelligence, indicating that DRDO's future research agenda extends beyond traditional weapon systems into emerging strategic technologies. The source also provides a major procurement-related figure for 2025. It states that 22 Acceptance of Necessity, or AoN, were accorded for DRDO systems worth approximately ₹1.30 lakh crore for manufacturing by Indian industries, described as the highest in a single year. This is a significant examination point because it links research and development with indigenous defence manufacturing. The source also says DRDO's research has catalysed the growth of domestic defence manufacturing and industry collaborations. Students should remember the full association: 1 January 2026 → 68th Foundation Day → DRDO Headquarters → Rajnath Singh + Sanjay Seth → Chairman Dr Samir V Kamat → Aatmanirbhar Bharat → cyber security, space, AI → 22 AoNs → approximately ₹1.30 lakh crore. Questions may ask the Foundation Day number, date, chairman or AoN figure. Since the source explicitly states that the 68th Foundation Day was celebrated, option D is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding National Consumer Day 2025:
1. It is observed annually on 24 December.
2. It marks the anniversary of the President’s assent to the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
3. The 2025 theme was 'Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice'.
4. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 became effective from July 2020.
5. The consumer dispute redressal mechanism has District, State and National levels.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
National Consumer Day 2025 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. यह annually 24 December को observed किया जाता है।
2. यह Consumer Protection Act, 1986 पर President की assent की anniversary को mark करता है।
3. 2025 theme 'Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice' थी।
4. Consumer Protection Act, 2019 July 2020 से effective हुआ।
5. Consumer dispute redressal mechanism District, State और National levels पर आधारित है।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. National Consumer Day is observed annually on 24 December to highlight consumer rights and the importance of effective consumer protection. The date commemorates the anniversary of the President's assent to the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. For 2025, the theme given in the source is 'Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice'. This theme emphasises technology-enabled grievance redressal that can improve accessibility, transparency and speed in resolving consumer disputes. The source explains that the day also promotes responsible consumer behaviour and encourages institutions to adopt modern, citizen-centric practices. It further notes that the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which became effective from July 2020, replaced the earlier 1986 law with a framework better suited to digital markets and evolving consumer challenges. Important rights under the Act include the right to be informed, protected, heard and to seek redressal. The source also provides the three-tier consumer dispute resolution mechanism: District Commissions, State Commissions and the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, abbreviated NCDRC. A noteworthy current-affairs point is that in July 2025, ten states along with the NCDRC achieved disposal rates exceeding 100 percent. Static associations include the Consumer Protection Act, 2019; the NCDRC as the national body; and the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. For revision: National Consumer Day → 24 December → 1986 Act assent anniversary → 2025 theme Digital Justice → 2019 Act effective July 2020 → District/State/NCDRC three-tier system. Hence all five statements are correct and option D is the answer.
National Farmers’ Day is observed every year on 23 December to commemorate the birth anniversary of which former Prime Minister of India?
National Farmers’ Day प्रत्येक वर्ष 23 December को किस former Prime Minister of India की birth anniversary के उपलक्ष्य में मनाया जाता है?A. Chaudhary Charan SinghB. Lal Bahadur ShastriC. Morarji DesaiD. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Chaudhary Charan Singh. According to the source, National Farmers’ Day is observed every year on 23 December to mark the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh, who is remembered particularly for his work towards farmers’ welfare. The observance is intended to recognise the critical role farmers play in feeding the country, supporting rural livelihoods and sustaining the broader rural economy. The source also uses National Farmers’ Day 2025 as an occasion to highlight important central government schemes that support farmers in different dimensions such as income support, crop insurance, credit, infrastructure and technology. Schemes specifically mentioned include Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana. The source further describes agriculture as a cornerstone of the Indian economy and states that the sector employs nearly half of the country's population, making agricultural welfare central to nation-building and rural development. From an examination perspective, several associations are important: date → 23 December; personality → Chaudhary Charan Singh; occasion → his birth anniversary; purpose → recognition of farmers and their contribution to the rural economy. Students should not confuse National Farmers’ Day with other agriculture-related international observances or with the birth anniversaries of other former Prime Ministers. The source specifically links 23 December with Chaudhary Charan Singh. A useful revision chain is: National Farmers’ Day → 23 December → Chaudhary Charan Singh → farmers’ welfare → rural economy → PM-KISAN + PMFBY + PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana. Therefore option A is correct.
The Hindi edition of 'GUTS', released by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan, is the autobiography of whom?
Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan द्वारा released 'GUTS' की Hindi edition किसकी autobiography है?A. Dr. C. PalaniveluB. Vasudev DevnaniC. Madhav GadgilD. Ravi Deecee
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Dr. C. Palanivelu. According to the source, Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan officially launched the Hindi translation of 'GUTS', the autobiography of renowned surgeon Dr. C. Palanivelu. The Vice President praised the memoir as a strong testament to bravery, persistence and integrity within the medical profession. The source explains that the Hindi edition is intended to bring Dr. Palanivelu's life story to a much broader audience. His journey is described as a remarkable transition from a modest upbringing to international surgical acclaim. The source presents this life story as inspirational not only for healthcare professionals but for readers from all walks of life. This current-affairs entry may generate questions on the book title, author/subject, profession, releaser, language edition and theme of the memoir. Students should note that 'GUTS' is an autobiography, so Dr. C. Palanivelu is both the central subject and authorial personality associated with the work. C. P. Radhakrishnan is the releaser of the Hindi edition, not the author. The source's emphasis on bravery, persistence and integrity gives a thematic context that may be used in descriptive questions, although objective questions are more likely to focus on the title-person association. A useful revision chain is: GUTS → autobiography → Dr. C. Palanivelu → renowned surgeon → Hindi edition released by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan → story from modest upbringing to international surgical acclaim → message of bravery, persistence and integrity → wider audience beyond healthcare. Since the question asks whose autobiography 'GUTS' is, option A, Dr. C. Palanivelu, is correct.
A book on the life of President Droupadi Murmu was released in Visakhapatnam by whom?
President Droupadi Murmu के life पर आधारित book को Visakhapatnam में किसने release किया?A. Lakshmamma, a sanitation workerB. Vice President C. P. RadhakrishnanC. Vasudev DevnaniD. Dr. C. Palanivelu
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Lakshmamma, a sanitation worker. According to the source, a book on the life of President Droupadi Murmu was released in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. What drew particular public attention was the choice of the person who released the book: Lakshmamma, a sanitation worker who cleans roads at Andhra University. The source highlights this decision as a symbolic act that underscored the dignity of labour and equality of all professions in society. The event conveyed a message of social inclusiveness and equal respect for every citizen irrespective of occupation. This is a current-affairs item where the significance lies less in the title of the book—which is not provided in the visible source excerpt—and more in the person who released it and the social message attached to the event. It is important not to invent or infer a title from outside the source. The supported facts are: subject of the book → life of President Droupadi Murmu; place → Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh; releaser → Lakshmamma; occupation → sanitation worker; workplace association → cleans roads at Andhra University; broader message → dignity of labour, equality of professions, social inclusiveness and equal respect. Competitive exams may ask why the launch drew attention, and the answer would relate to the unconventional and socially symbolic choice of a sanitation worker as the releaser. Students should distinguish Lakshmamma from Vasudev Devnani, who authored 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti', and from C. P. Radhakrishnan, who released that book and the Hindi edition of another autobiography. Therefore option A is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti':
1. The book was released by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan.
2. It was authored by Vasudev Devnani.
3. Vasudev Devnani is the Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.
4. The book was released at the Vice President's Enclave in New Delhi.
5. The release was associated with the centenary birth anniversary year of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. Book को Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan ने release किया।
2. इसे Vasudev Devnani ने लिखा।
3. Vasudev Devnani Rajasthan Legislative Assembly के Speaker हैं।
4. Book Vice President's Enclave, New Delhi में release हुई।
5. Release Atal Bihari Vajpayee के centenary birth anniversary year से associated था।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. The book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' was released by Vice President of India C. P. Radhakrishnan on 23 December 2025. It was authored by Vasudev Devnani, who is identified in the source as the Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. The release venue was the Vice President's Enclave in New Delhi. The source further explains that the Vice President considered the book a timely and significant contribution during the centenary birth anniversary year of former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Thus, statement 1 is correct regarding the releaser, statement 2 correctly names the author, statement 3 correctly gives Devnani's position, statement 4 accurately states the venue, and statement 5 captures the commemorative context of the release. This is a good example of a books-and-authors current-affairs question where several roles must be separated carefully. The author, releaser and subject/context are different. Vasudev Devnani is the author; C. P. Radhakrishnan is the releaser; Atal Bihari Vajpayee is the historical-political figure associated with the title and centenary context. Competitive exams often interchange these names. Students should also retain the date, 23 December 2025, even though this appears in a February 2026 current-affairs compilation. Quick revision: Book → Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti; Author → Vasudev Devnani; Position → Rajasthan Assembly Speaker; Released by → Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan; Venue → VP Enclave, New Delhi; Date → 23 Dec 2025; Context → Vajpayee centenary birth anniversary year. Therefore option D is correct.
Who authored the book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti', released by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan?
Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan द्वारा released book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' के author कौन हैं?A. Vasudev DevnaniB. C. PalaniveluC. C. P. RadhakrishnanD. Lakshmamma
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Vasudev Devnani. According to the source, Vice President of India C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' on 23 December 2025. The book was authored by Vasudev Devnani, who is identified in the source as the Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. The release took place at the Vice President's Enclave in New Delhi. The Vice President described the publication as a timely and significant contribution during the centenary birth anniversary year of former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee. This current-affairs item can therefore be tested from several angles: title of the book, author, releaser, author's constitutional position, venue, date and the personality with whom the book is associated. Students should distinguish the author from the person who released the book. Vasudev Devnani wrote it, while C. P. Radhakrishnan released it. Similarly, C. Palanivelu is connected with another book in the same chapter—his autobiography 'GUTS'—and Lakshmamma is associated with the release of a book on President Droupadi Murmu. This makes the options intentionally confusing if the chapter is revised superficially. The correct revision chain is: Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti → author Vasudev Devnani → Speaker, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly → released by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan → 23 Dec 2025 → Vice President's Enclave, New Delhi → Atal Bihari Vajpayee centenary birth anniversary year. Therefore, option A, Vasudev Devnani, is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding Madhav Gadgil:
1. He was a renowned ecologist and conservationist.
2. He led the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), later called the Gadgil Commission.
3. He received the UN Champions of the Earth award in 2024.
4. He was instrumental in founding the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986.
5. The source describes him as a key architect of India's Biological Diversity Act.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Madhav Gadgil के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. वह renowned ecologist और conservationist थे।
2. उन्होंने Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) का नेतृत्व किया, जिसे बाद में Gadgil Commission कहा गया।
3. उन्हें 2024 में UN Champions of the Earth award मिला।
4. उन्होंने 1986 में Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve स्थापित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
5. Source उन्हें India's Biological Diversity Act का key architect बताता है।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. Madhav Gadgil is described as a renowned ecologist and conservationist who passed away at the age of 83. He was widely associated with community rights, sustainable development and environmental protection. One of his most important institutional roles was leading the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, abbreviated WGEEP. The source states that this panel was later known as the Gadgil Commission and recommended strict environmental safeguards for the Western Ghats. This association is highly important for environment-related competitive examinations. The source further states that Gadgil received the United Nations Champions of the Earth award in 2024 for significant contributions to environmental science and community-led conservation. He was also instrumental in the establishment of India's first biosphere reserve, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, in 1986, working in engagement with local forest communities. Another major legal-policy contribution mentioned in the source is his role as a key architect of India's Biological Diversity Act. He was also involved in the implementation of the Forest Rights Act. The source additionally highlights his advocacy regarding climate-change impacts and his emphasis on involving marginalised communities in environmental change. For revision, remember the chain: Madhav Gadgil → ecologist → sustainable development + community rights → WGEEP → Gadgil Commission → Western Ghats safeguards → UN Champions of the Earth 2024 → Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 1986 → Biological Diversity Act → Forest Rights Act → community-led conservation. Statement 1 identifies his profession correctly. Statement 2 accurately reflects WGEEP. Statement 3 gives the award year and honour. Statement 4 correctly states the Nilgiri role and year. Statement 5 matches the source's description of his role in biodiversity legislation. Therefore all five statements are correct and option D is the answer.
Suresh Kalmadi, who passed away at the age of 81, had served as president of which sports body?
81 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हुए Suresh Kalmadi किस sports body के president रह चुके थे?A. Indian Olympic AssociationB. Board of Control for Cricket in IndiaC. Sports Authority of IndiaD. Hockey India
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is the Indian Olympic Association. According to the source, senior Congress leader Suresh Kalmadi passed away in Pune at the age of 81 after a prolonged illness. He had held several important political and sports-administration positions. In the political sphere, he served as Union Minister of State for Railways. In sports administration, he served as president of the Indian Olympic Association, abbreviated IOA. This IOA association is likely to be particularly important for competitive examinations because the Indian Olympic Association appears in several other current-affairs contexts, and the position held by Kalmadi may be confused with other sports administrators. The source also states that he was a prominent political figure from Pune and represented the city multiple times in the Lok Sabha. His career therefore combined parliamentary politics, a ministerial role and national sports administration. Leaders from multiple political parties reportedly expressed condolences and honoured his contributions. The source further gives family details, stating that he was survived by his wife, son, daughter-in-law, two married daughters, a son-in-law and grandchildren. From an examination perspective, the family details are less likely to be central than his age, city, ministerial role and IOA presidency. A useful revision chain is: Suresh Kalmadi → senior Congress leader → Pune → died at 81 → Union Minister of State for Railways → president, Indian Olympic Association → represented Pune multiple times in Lok Sabha → contributed to sports administration. Students should not confuse IOA with the Sports Authority of India or individual sports federations. Since the question asks the sports body he headed, the correct answer is Indian Olympic Association, option A.
Consider the following statements regarding Kannan Pattambi:
1. He worked as both an actor and a production controller.
2. He collaborated with Major Ravi on projects including 'Mission 90 Days'.
3. He contributed to 'Pulimurugan', described in the source as the first Malayalam film to gross more than ₹100 crore.
4. His filmography included 23 Malayalam films.
5. He worked as production controller for the 2010 film 'Kandahar'.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Kannan Pattambi के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. उन्होंने actor और production controller दोनों के रूप में काम किया।
2. उन्होंने Major Ravi के साथ 'Mission 90 Days' सहित projects पर collaboration किया।
3. उन्होंने 'Pulimurugan' में योगदान दिया, जिसे source first Malayalam film to gross more than ₹100 crore बताता है।
4. उनकी filmography में 23 Malayalam films शामिल थीं।
5. उन्होंने 2010 की film 'Kandahar' में production controller के रूप में काम किया।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. Kannan Pattambi was associated with the Malayalam film industry both as an actor and a production controller. The source says that he had a long career in the industry, establishing statement 1 as correct. He collaborated with Major Ravi on several projects, including 'Mission 90 Days', so statement 2 is also correct. The source further notes his contribution to films featuring Mohanlal and specifically mentions 'Pulimurugan'. In the source, 'Pulimurugan' is described as the first Malayalam film to gross more than ₹100 crore, making statement 3 correct. The source states that Kannan's filmography included 23 Malayalam films. Examples include '12th Man', 'Karam Yodha', 'Kurukshetra', 'Black' and 'Vettam', so statement 4 is correct. Finally, he served as production controller for the 2010 film 'Kandahar', starring Mohanlal and Amitabh Bachchan, confirming statement 5. This obituary is useful for competitive exams because it includes multiple associations—profession, collaborators, films, box-office milestone and production role. A compact revision chain is: Kannan Pattambi → Malayalam cinema → actor + production controller → Major Ravi → Mission 90 Days → Pulimurugan → first Malayalam film ₹100 crore+ according to source → 23 films → Kandahar (2010) → Mohanlal and Amitabh Bachchan. Students should not confuse 'Pulimurugan' with 'Kandahar': the former is associated with the box-office milestone, whereas the latter is the film for which he worked as production controller. Since all five statements align with the source, option D is the correct answer.
Kannan Pattambi, who passed away at the age of 62, was associated primarily with which film industry?
62 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हुए Kannan Pattambi मुख्य रूप से किस film industry से associated थे?A. Malayalam film industryB. Tamil film industryC. Telugu film industryD. Hindi film industry
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is the Malayalam film industry. According to the source, Kannan Pattambi, a Malayalam actor and production controller, passed away at the age of 62. He had a long association with the Malayalam film industry and worked in two capacities: as an actor and as a production controller. The source mentions his collaboration with filmmaker Major Ravi on several projects, including the notable film 'Mission 90 Days'. Kannan also contributed to films featuring Mohanlal. One of the important examples given is 'Pulimurugan', which the source describes as the first Malayalam film to gross more than ₹100 crore. This is a particularly useful examination fact because it combines a personality obituary with a milestone in Malayalam cinema. The source further states that his filmography includes 23 Malayalam films. Some titles listed are '12th Man', 'Karam Yodha', 'Kurukshetra', 'Black' and 'Vettam'. He also worked as the production controller for the 2010 film 'Kandahar', which starred Mohanlal and Amitabh Bachchan. Students should therefore remember that Kannan Pattambi's connection with cinema was not limited to acting; production coordination was also a major part of his career. For quick revision: Kannan Pattambi → Malayalam actor + production controller → age 62 → collaborated with Major Ravi → Mission 90 Days → Pulimurugan → first Malayalam film over ₹100 crore according to source → 23 Malayalam films → production controller for Kandahar (2010) → Mohanlal + Amitabh Bachchan. Because the question asks the film industry with which he was chiefly associated, the correct answer is the Malayalam film industry, option A.
Consider the following statements regarding Khaleda Zia:
1. She was Bangladesh's first female Prime Minister.
2. She served as Prime Minister three times.
3. She died at Evercare Hospital, Dhaka.
4. She and Sheikh Hasina were referred to as the 'battling begums' in the source.
5. Her political career spanned more than three decades.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Khaleda Zia के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. वह Bangladesh की first female Prime Minister थीं।
2. उन्होंने तीन बार Prime Minister के रूप में सेवा की।
3. उनका निधन Evercare Hospital, Dhaka में हुआ।
4. Source में उन्हें और Sheikh Hasina को 'battling begums' कहा गया है।
5. उनका political career तीन दशकों से अधिक लंबा था।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. Khaleda Zia is described as Bangladesh's first female Prime Minister and a major figure in the country's political history. She died at the age of 80 after a prolonged illness at Evercare Hospital in Dhaka. The source notes that she had been admitted there on 23 November because of a lung infection and also suffered from several other health conditions, including advanced cirrhosis of the liver, arthritis, diabetes, and heart and chest problems. Her political career spanned more than three decades, during which she and Sheikh Hasina dominated Bangladesh's political landscape. The source uses the expression 'battling begums' to describe the two rivals. Khaleda Zia served as Prime Minister three times and is portrayed as an important symbol of Bangladesh's democratic movement. Therefore statement 1 is correct because she was the country's first female PM. Statement 2 is correct because she served in the position three times. Statement 3 is correct because the source gives Evercare Hospital, Dhaka as the place where she died. Statement 4 correctly reproduces the phrase used for Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina. Statement 5 is also correct because the source explicitly states that her political career lasted more than three decades. For exam revision, the complete chain is: Khaleda Zia → Bangladesh → first female PM → three terms → age 80 → Evercare Hospital, Dhaka → Sheikh Hasina rival → battling begums → democratic movement. Since every statement is supported by the source, option D is correct.
Khaleda Zia, who passed away at the age of 80, was the first female Prime Minister of which country?
80 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हुई Khaleda Zia किस देश की first female Prime Minister थीं?A. BangladeshB. PakistanC. Sri LankaD. Nepal
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
The correct answer is Bangladesh. According to the source, Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh's first female Prime Minister and one of the central figures in the country's political history, passed away at the age of 80 after a prolonged illness. She died at Evercare Hospital in Dhaka. The source states that she had been admitted there on 23 November due to a lung infection. It also mentions several other health problems, including advanced cirrhosis of the liver, arthritis, diabetes, and heart and chest-related problems. Her political career extended for more than three decades. During this period, Khaleda Zia and her political rival Sheikh Hasina became the two dominant figures in Bangladeshi politics. The source refers to them collectively as the 'battling begums'. Khaleda Zia served as Prime Minister three times and was regarded as an important symbol of Bangladesh's democratic movement. From an examination perspective, multiple facts can be tested from this single obituary. Students should remember: Khaleda Zia → Bangladesh → first female Prime Minister → served as PM three times → age 80 at death → Evercare Hospital, Dhaka → political rival Sheikh Hasina → both known as the 'battling begums' in the source. The phrase 'first female Prime Minister of Bangladesh' is especially important because competitive exams frequently ask first-in-country facts. It is also useful to distinguish her from other South Asian women leaders, since the question may include names or countries from neighbouring nations as distractors. Therefore, when asked which country Khaleda Zia served as the first female Prime Minister, the correct response is Bangladesh, making option A correct.
Consider the following statements regarding 'Niryat Prothsahan':
1. It operates under the Export Promotion Mission.
2. It provides interest subvention on pre- and post-shipment export credit.
3. Eligible lending institutions must follow the scheme as well as RBI regulations.
4. Exporters are required to submit claims according to prescribed procedures for reimbursement.
5. Interest subvention is restricted to export credit covered under the scheme.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
'Niryat Prothsahan' के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. यह Export Promotion Mission के अंतर्गत operate करता है।
2. यह pre- और post-shipment export credit पर interest subvention देता है।
3. Eligible lending institutions को scheme के साथ RBI regulations का पालन करना होता है।
4. Exporters को reimbursement के लिए prescribed procedures के अनुसार claims submit करने होते हैं।
5. Interest subvention केवल scheme के अंतर्गत covered export credit तक restricted है।
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?A. 1, 2 and 3 onlyB. 1, 2, 3 and 4 onlyC. 2, 3, 4 and 5 onlyD. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Show answer & explanation
Answer: D
All five statements are correct according to the source. Niryat Prothsahan is described as an interest-subvention measure under the Export Promotion Mission. Its specific financial support applies to pre-shipment and post-shipment export credit, so statements 1 and 2 are correct. The source further states that eligible lending institutions must extend the subvention in accordance with both the scheme and Reserve Bank of India regulations, making statement 3 correct. This ensures that the interest-support mechanism remains integrated with existing banking and credit-regulation standards. Exporters are also required to submit claims in accordance with prescribed procedures for reimbursement, which makes statement 4 correct. Importantly, the interest subvention is strictly applicable only to export credit covered under the scheme. It is therefore not a blanket interest subsidy on every loan taken by exporters, confirming statement 5. The source states that the broader purpose of Niryat Prothsahan is to enhance India's export competitiveness and financially support exporters. It also emphasises compliance with RBI's extant regulatory instructions for smooth implementation. This initiative should be studied together with, but distinguished from, Market Access Support under the broader Export Promotion Mission. MAS focuses on improving global reach, visibility, market diversification and access for first-time exporters and MSMEs, while Niryat Prothsahan addresses export-credit costs through interest subvention. Competitive examinations may ask whether the scheme applies to domestic consumer credit, housing loans or general working-capital loans unrelated to exports; such statements would not follow the source. Revision chain: EPM → Niryat Prothsahan → pre/post-shipment export credit → interest subvention → RBI-compliant lending institutions → prescribed exporter claims → reimbursement → restricted to covered export credit → export competitiveness. Since every one of the five statements accurately reflects the source, option D is correct.
